1
00:00:51,677 --> 00:00:56,682
This sequence introduces
in practice and in theory,

2
00:00:56,807 --> 00:00:58,684
in practice and in theory,

3
00:00:58,809 --> 00:01:00,436
what the film is going to be.

4
00:01:00,561 --> 00:01:03,940
To explore the links
between the theory and the practice

5
00:01:04,065 --> 00:01:06,484
we start with two images of Lenin,

6
00:01:06,609 --> 00:01:08,945
in parenthesis, Vladimir.

7
00:01:09,070 --> 00:01:12,657
One picture of him writing
and one of him talking.

8
00:01:12,782 --> 00:01:16,535
To each of these pictures,
the word "theory" is added

9
00:01:16,661 --> 00:01:18,245
and then the word "practice".

10
00:01:18,371 --> 00:01:21,248
Theory, then practice.

11
00:01:21,374 --> 00:01:23,292
Then there are two more images:

12
00:01:23,417 --> 00:01:26,253
one of a camera
and one of a tape recorder.

13
00:01:26,379 --> 00:01:29,715
We also hear a voice,
Karl Rosa's voice,

14
00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:32,301
coordinating this group
or sequence of pictures,

15
00:01:32,426 --> 00:01:34,220
in parenthesis, Lenin,

16
00:01:34,345 --> 00:01:36,263
the words "theory" and "practice",

17
00:01:36,389 --> 00:01:39,600
the camera, the Nagra,
end of parenthesis.

18
00:01:39,725 --> 00:01:43,270
The voice tells us more or less
who it is and where it is located.

19
00:01:43,396 --> 00:01:46,107
It is in a film, but which film?

20
00:01:46,232 --> 00:01:47,858
And what was the previous film?

21
00:01:47,984 --> 00:01:50,820
The previous film was on Palestine.

22
00:01:50,945 --> 00:01:55,116
Thus the voice indicates
that it is part of a certain process,

23
00:01:55,241 --> 00:01:58,995
a process which it perceives
and controls only imperfectly,

24
00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:00,329
only imperfectly.

25
00:02:00,454 --> 00:02:02,248
The voice first asks itself

26
00:02:02,373 --> 00:02:06,293
why it is making this film
called "Vladimir and Rosa"

27
00:02:06,419 --> 00:02:09,922
and answers that it is
through economic necessity,

28
00:02:10,047 --> 00:02:12,925
to pay for the film on Palestine.

29
00:02:13,050 --> 00:02:15,886
To pay for the film on Palestine.

30
00:02:16,012 --> 00:02:18,264
But the voice also observes

31
00:02:18,389 --> 00:02:21,350
that the economic necessity
of producing a film

32
00:02:21,475 --> 00:02:26,272
does not prevent this necessity
from being part of a larger movement,

33
00:02:26,397 --> 00:02:28,357
part of a larger movement,

34
00:02:28,482 --> 00:02:30,192
a political movement,

35
00:02:30,317 --> 00:02:34,238
a process which endeavours
to be revolutionary.

36
00:02:34,363 --> 00:02:35,531
The voice says

37
00:02:35,656 --> 00:02:38,367
it has a case
against the production process

38
00:02:38,492 --> 00:02:41,245
and to see
how the case is going,

39
00:02:41,370 --> 00:02:43,914
it is about to take part
in the making of a film

40
00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:46,792
a film aimed at a political analysis

41
00:02:46,917 --> 00:02:50,212
of charges currently being brought

42
00:02:50,337 --> 00:02:53,299
by the bourgeois justice system
against radicals

43
00:02:53,424 --> 00:02:58,345
arrested by the police
for so-called riots and conspiracy.

44
00:02:58,471 --> 00:03:00,681
So-called riots and conspiracy.

45
00:03:00,806 --> 00:03:02,516
The voice is committed

46
00:03:03,476 --> 00:03:07,980
to a revolutionary movement
fighting conservatism.

47
00:03:08,105 --> 00:03:10,608
The real title of the film should be,

48
00:03:10,733 --> 00:03:13,069
"The Meaning of the Charges Brought."

49
00:03:13,194 --> 00:03:15,988
"The Meaning of the Charges Brought."

50
00:03:16,113 --> 00:03:20,284
Clearly, then, the film
will be both theoretical,

51
00:03:20,409 --> 00:03:21,535
theoretical,

52
00:03:21,660 --> 00:03:25,122
exploring the meaning
of the trials of radicals

53
00:03:25,247 --> 00:03:27,500
in imperialist countries,

54
00:03:27,625 --> 00:03:29,460
and practical,

55
00:03:29,585 --> 00:03:32,046
exploring how the portrayal
of such a trial,

56
00:03:32,171 --> 00:03:35,841
in other words its reflection
in the recorded images and sound,

57
00:03:35,966 --> 00:03:40,429
can be achieved
as accurately as possible.

58
00:03:40,554 --> 00:03:45,017
That is, how should the film
be made in practice?

59
00:03:45,142 --> 00:03:48,229
How should the images be filmed
and the sound recorded

60
00:03:48,354 --> 00:03:50,648
so that in theory,

61
00:03:50,773 --> 00:03:52,691
when the film is screened,

62
00:03:52,817 --> 00:03:55,236
it will be useful to people who see it?

63
00:03:55,861 --> 00:03:59,198
It was decided to start from a real case,

64
00:03:59,323 --> 00:04:02,034
the trial of the Chicago Eight,

65
00:04:02,159 --> 00:04:06,413
in which US imperialism
prosecuted its own children.

66
00:04:35,151 --> 00:04:36,569
I'm still for non-violence!

67
00:04:37,069 --> 00:04:38,779
I'm still for non-violence!

68
00:04:39,905 --> 00:04:42,449
I'm still for non-violence!

69
00:04:42,575 --> 00:04:44,410
I'm still for non-violence!

70
00:04:45,911 --> 00:04:47,538
I'm still for non-violence!

71
00:05:19,195 --> 00:05:20,404
Next!

72
00:05:28,787 --> 00:05:29,997
Next!

73
00:05:43,427 --> 00:05:45,721
But you told me to go with them!

74
00:05:47,139 --> 00:05:49,808
You told me to go with them!

75
00:05:54,021 --> 00:05:58,400
The government representative
had a report of its own investigation.

76
00:05:58,525 --> 00:06:02,363
The riot had been organised
by the police force.

77
00:06:02,488 --> 00:06:07,409
But the government representative
also had another report

78
00:06:07,534 --> 00:06:10,162
showing that two thirds
of American and French people

79
00:06:10,287 --> 00:06:14,208
condone police violence,
according to a poll.

80
00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:18,212
So they indicted eight cops
on the one hand

81
00:06:18,337 --> 00:06:20,339
and eight radicals on the other.

82
00:06:20,464 --> 00:06:23,008
The cops' trial was kept quiet.

83
00:06:23,133 --> 00:06:26,262
The radicals' trial got all the publicity.

84
00:06:26,387 --> 00:06:30,557
The defendants were carefully selected.

85
00:06:30,683 --> 00:06:35,562
There was Yves, a revolutionary student
at Vincennes and then Berkeley.

86
00:06:35,688 --> 00:06:40,609
Then there was Anne, who was active
in the Women's Liberation Front.

87
00:06:40,734 --> 00:06:44,071
Then there was me, Friedrich Vladimir.

88
00:06:44,196 --> 00:06:47,074
I'm a friend of Danny's, Danny the Red.

89
00:06:47,199 --> 00:06:49,910
We were in the Moscow Circus together,

90
00:06:50,035 --> 00:06:52,246
back in its heyday, of course.

91
00:06:52,371 --> 00:06:55,291
No, that's me again, Karl Rosa.

92
00:06:55,416 --> 00:06:59,169
Then there was David Dellinger,
a very liberal doctor.

93
00:07:00,504 --> 00:07:04,300
There was Juliet, a real activist.

94
00:07:04,425 --> 00:07:08,345
She was just back from the USA
She'd been with the Weathermen.

95
00:07:08,470 --> 00:07:13,183
I think she'd been in Japan too,
with the Maoist students.

96
00:07:13,309 --> 00:07:17,062
Then there was Jacky,
a "maladjusted" worker

97
00:07:17,187 --> 00:07:18,939
from the northern suburbs of Paris.

98
00:07:19,064 --> 00:07:23,527
And then there was Bobby,
a militant from the Black Panthers.

99
00:07:23,652 --> 00:07:25,154
One, two,

100
00:07:25,279 --> 00:07:27,031
three, four, five...

101
00:07:27,156 --> 00:07:30,826
No, that's me again, Karl Rosa.

102
00:07:30,951 --> 00:07:33,537
...six, seven, eight.

103
00:07:33,662 --> 00:07:36,790
No, that's still me, Karl Rosa!

104
00:07:36,915 --> 00:07:40,502
The papers called it
the "Conspiracy Eight".

105
00:07:41,211 --> 00:07:43,047
Bobby's case is a bit different.

106
00:07:43,172 --> 00:07:46,550
He had come to speak at a rally
before the demonstration.

107
00:07:46,675 --> 00:07:48,135
He left straight afterwards.

108
00:07:48,260 --> 00:07:53,098
But the government was hell-bent
on putting a "nigger" on trial.

109
00:07:53,223 --> 00:07:54,641
That's why Bobby's here.

110
00:07:54,767 --> 00:07:59,104
He's the only one of us
who's not out on bail.

111
00:07:59,229 --> 00:08:02,733
He'd already been accused
of killing a cop.

112
00:08:02,858 --> 00:08:07,529
The government just took him out of jail
3,000 km from here

113
00:08:07,654 --> 00:08:11,742
and put him in jail here
3,000 km from where he'd been.

114
00:08:11,867 --> 00:08:13,577
3,000 km from here!

115
00:08:13,702 --> 00:08:19,375
Why and on what grounds
is imperialism trying these Eight?

116
00:08:20,376 --> 00:08:21,835
We've just told you.

117
00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:26,340
The government's own violence
forced it to arrest eight cops

118
00:08:26,465 --> 00:08:27,466
and indict them,

119
00:08:27,591 --> 00:08:30,177
in parenthesis,
in the name of eternal justice,

120
00:08:30,302 --> 00:08:32,096
end of parenthesis.

121
00:08:32,221 --> 00:08:34,264
And so, to restore the balance,

122
00:08:34,390 --> 00:08:38,602
the government has decided
to indict a representative

123
00:08:38,727 --> 00:08:40,104
of each type of radicalism,

124
00:08:40,229 --> 00:08:43,941
in parenthesis, class justice,
end of parenthesis.

125
00:08:45,359 --> 00:08:50,697
It's against the law to cross a state line
with intent to incite a riot.

126
00:08:51,281 --> 00:08:55,452
The law dates from 3 June 1968.

127
00:08:55,577 --> 00:08:59,665
Not just to incite to riot,
but to have the intent to do it,

128
00:08:59,790 --> 00:09:02,835
or the intent to have the intent.

129
00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:07,339
It doesn't matter if you do it or not.
That's what the law calls "conspiracy".

130
00:09:08,257 --> 00:09:10,551
I told Rosa
that in order to tell this story,

131
00:09:10,676 --> 00:09:12,803
since the government
had clouded the issue,

132
00:09:12,928 --> 00:09:16,890
the best approach was
to get a bird's eye view

133
00:09:17,015 --> 00:09:20,727
in the hope of juggling
all the balls at once.

134
00:09:22,020 --> 00:09:24,022
It means leaving out a lot,

135
00:09:24,148 --> 00:09:25,732
like the make of the gun

136
00:09:25,858 --> 00:09:28,652
shoved in Bobby's ear
to get him to shut his mouth.

137
00:09:28,777 --> 00:09:31,655
Like the make of the gun
shoved in Bobby's ear

138
00:09:31,780 --> 00:09:34,783
to get him to shut his mouth.

139
00:09:34,908 --> 00:09:37,953
But a bird's eye view
will at least amount

140
00:09:38,078 --> 00:09:42,124
to talking about the rain
once the clouds have gathered.

141
00:09:42,249 --> 00:09:45,002
Usually, in films it's the opposite.

142
00:09:45,836 --> 00:09:48,672
It's a complicated story
but, as radicals, it's our job

143
00:09:48,797 --> 00:09:52,342
to simplify it as a service to others.

144
00:09:52,468 --> 00:09:55,929
Our Chinese comrades
call this "serving the people".

145
00:10:00,100 --> 00:10:03,187
Has the prosecution any questions
to ask the jury?

146
00:10:03,312 --> 00:10:04,396
No, Your Honour.

147
00:10:04,521 --> 00:10:07,065
It looks like a fine,
upstanding jury to me.

148
00:10:07,191 --> 00:10:09,985
Any questions, Mr Kunstler?

149
00:10:10,110 --> 00:10:11,945
Quite a few, Your Honour.

150
00:10:12,070 --> 00:10:15,115
Do you consider young men
who resist conscription

151
00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:18,160
because they're against
the war in South-East Asia

152
00:10:18,285 --> 00:10:21,371
to be antipatriotic cowards and traitors?

153
00:10:21,497 --> 00:10:23,081
Have you ever moved out of an area

154
00:10:23,207 --> 00:10:26,835
because of the arrival of people
from a different religion or ethnicity?

155
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:31,423
Have you ever hear of Archie Shepp,
Jimmy Page or Eric Clapton?

156
00:10:31,548 --> 00:10:34,885
Do you admire Billy Graham
and Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber?

157
00:10:35,010 --> 00:10:37,262
Those questions won't be asked.

158
00:10:37,387 --> 00:10:39,806
The jury has now been chosen.

159
00:10:39,932 --> 00:10:45,479
Obviously, anyone with long hair
and weird clothes

160
00:10:45,604 --> 00:10:48,565
who can't talk politely and properly

161
00:10:48,690 --> 00:10:50,901
despite being
in a polite and proper place

162
00:10:51,026 --> 00:10:54,112
can join the defendants.

163
00:10:59,493 --> 00:11:03,330
Will the witness define
a subversive organisation?

164
00:11:03,455 --> 00:11:06,792
A subversive organisation

165
00:11:06,917 --> 00:11:09,211
is any organisation
which creates problems...

166
00:11:09,336 --> 00:11:13,549
Objection, Your Honour.
The answer is unclear and irrelevant.

167
00:11:13,674 --> 00:11:15,467
Objection overruled.

168
00:11:15,592 --> 00:11:18,804
It's a clear, relevant definition.

169
00:11:19,513 --> 00:11:22,641
So if a football team can't find a field

170
00:11:22,766 --> 00:11:26,687
and that raises problems for the city

171
00:11:26,812 --> 00:11:30,482
then that football team
is a subversive organisation.

172
00:11:30,607 --> 00:11:32,234
Objection, Your Honour.

173
00:11:32,359 --> 00:11:35,070
Objection sustained.

174
00:11:35,195 --> 00:11:37,197
We'd like to ask the witness

175
00:11:37,322 --> 00:11:42,536
why his police force drew up
a so-called security plan.

176
00:11:42,661 --> 00:11:44,997
I say "so-called,"
because we have just found out

177
00:11:45,122 --> 00:11:48,542
it was drawn up two months
before the march was announced.

178
00:11:48,667 --> 00:11:51,628
Objection, Your Honour.
That's a leading question.

179
00:11:51,753 --> 00:11:53,088
Objection sustained.

180
00:11:53,213 --> 00:11:55,465
My colleague for the prosecution is right:

181
00:11:55,591 --> 00:11:58,760
in a political trial
all questions lead someplace.

182
00:11:58,885 --> 00:12:01,805
Your Honour, I request
that you overrule the objection.

183
00:12:01,930 --> 00:12:03,473
Objection sustained.

184
00:12:03,599 --> 00:12:07,060
The witness will not answer
the question.

185
00:12:08,562 --> 00:12:10,439
This is not a political trial.

186
00:12:10,564 --> 00:12:14,359
As far as I'm concerned,
it's a criminal trial.

187
00:12:14,484 --> 00:12:17,529
That's what the arch war criminal
Adolf Hitler said

188
00:12:17,654 --> 00:12:19,948
to Georgi Dimitrov, a political activist.

189
00:12:20,073 --> 00:12:23,827
Political, political...
I'm fed up with that word!

190
00:12:23,952 --> 00:12:26,705
Just what do you mean by political?

191
00:12:26,830 --> 00:12:29,499
I feel I'm in the process
of answering that question.

192
00:12:29,625 --> 00:12:32,544
Let the record show
that the defendant said:

193
00:12:32,669 --> 00:12:35,422
"I feel I'm in the process
of answering that question."

194
00:12:35,547 --> 00:12:38,634
Personally I feel
that you are not answering it.

195
00:12:38,759 --> 00:12:42,512
If Your Honour will hear my client out

196
00:12:42,638 --> 00:12:44,848
and ask questions afterwards,

197
00:12:44,973 --> 00:12:48,185
I think it will help him
to present his defence.

198
00:12:48,310 --> 00:12:53,231
I'm sure Your Honour is anxious to see
that Yves Alfonso has a fair trial.

199
00:12:53,357 --> 00:12:57,152
You know me, Mr Kunstler,
and therefore you know

200
00:12:57,277 --> 00:13:00,572
that this trial will be conducted...

201
00:13:00,697 --> 00:13:02,282
democratically.

202
00:13:05,869 --> 00:13:07,663
All right.

203
00:13:07,788 --> 00:13:09,873
But I'd like you to discuss

204
00:13:09,998 --> 00:13:12,751
the rights guaranteed
by the constitution,

205
00:13:12,876 --> 00:13:15,087
labour union rights,

206
00:13:15,212 --> 00:13:19,591
and also that future society of yours.

207
00:13:19,716 --> 00:13:22,803
I'm on trial here as an alleged specialist

208
00:13:22,928 --> 00:13:26,598
in the art of instigating various acts

209
00:13:26,723 --> 00:13:28,684
regarded by some as criminal.

210
00:13:31,687 --> 00:13:35,107
"Regarded by some as criminal."
There's the crux.

211
00:13:36,525 --> 00:13:39,611
The masses disagree
and they applaud these actions,

212
00:13:40,737 --> 00:13:43,323
which foreshadow
their future liberation.

213
00:13:44,324 --> 00:13:49,287
This difference of interpretation
by exploiters and the exploited

214
00:13:49,413 --> 00:13:51,790
is inherent in the class struggle.

215
00:13:51,915 --> 00:13:53,333
Remember the posters

216
00:13:53,458 --> 00:13:55,961
that the Nazis put up in Europe in 1944.

217
00:13:57,129 --> 00:14:00,173
They too wanted to pass
revolutionary activists off

218
00:14:00,298 --> 00:14:01,967
as terrorists and criminals.

219
00:14:03,927 --> 00:14:08,390
"The Threepenny Opera" by Brecht
depicts bourgeois morality

220
00:14:08,515 --> 00:14:11,518
in underworld terms
and it's as valid today as ever,

221
00:14:12,477 --> 00:14:16,356
for among us is a handful of hoodlums
who have all the power:

222
00:14:16,481 --> 00:14:22,487
the police, the army, the television,
newspapers and the law.

223
00:14:25,657 --> 00:14:28,952
These rich gangsters
openly despoil the masses

224
00:14:29,077 --> 00:14:31,705
and commit wilful murder

225
00:14:31,830 --> 00:14:35,876
so it's logical for them
to pass off rebels as criminals.

226
00:14:38,128 --> 00:14:40,630
I'm accused of preaching violence,

227
00:14:40,756 --> 00:14:43,967
but capitalism has made violence
a daily occurrence.

228
00:14:46,928 --> 00:14:50,348
Capitalism means
the exploitation and humiliation

229
00:14:51,933 --> 00:14:53,643
of the vast majority.

230
00:14:54,686 --> 00:14:57,481
Am I in charge
of the National Guard and the CRS?

231
00:14:57,606 --> 00:14:59,399
Do I use the third degree?

232
00:15:02,110 --> 00:15:03,111
No.

233
00:15:04,446 --> 00:15:07,073
Nor is it I who invented guerrilla actions.

234
00:15:08,366 --> 00:15:12,579
I didn't invent rebellion or mass uprising.

235
00:15:13,830 --> 00:15:16,041
The masses did that

236
00:15:16,166 --> 00:15:18,585
when they ransacked
the Bank of America,

237
00:15:19,294 --> 00:15:22,672
cut down the apples trees
of rich landowners

238
00:15:23,757 --> 00:15:25,926
and stormed the Metro without paying.

239
00:15:28,220 --> 00:15:30,222
You speak of democracy.

240
00:15:30,347 --> 00:15:33,600
You forget that the ruling class
always has the system it needs

241
00:15:33,725 --> 00:15:36,353
and the system makes
a farce of democracy.

242
00:15:36,478 --> 00:15:37,979
Courts aren't for the masses.

243
00:15:38,104 --> 00:15:41,650
Justice is too expensive for the people.

244
00:15:41,775 --> 00:15:43,819
Lawyers cost a fortune.

245
00:15:43,944 --> 00:15:46,863
And legal-aid lawyers
always try to strike deals:

246
00:15:46,988 --> 00:15:48,949
a plea of guilty to a minor charge

247
00:15:49,074 --> 00:15:53,411
in return for an acquittal on a major one.

248
00:15:53,537 --> 00:15:56,122
The system of bail
keeps the poor in prison.

249
00:15:56,248 --> 00:15:58,250
Appeals are costly.

250
00:15:58,375 --> 00:16:03,797
The transcript required for an appeal
is too expensive for the poor.

251
00:16:03,922 --> 00:16:06,883
What's more, no poor person,
no black person and no radical

252
00:16:07,008 --> 00:16:09,302
can expect a fair trial from a jury.

253
00:16:09,427 --> 00:16:11,888
Its members are picked
from the phonebook,

254
00:16:12,013 --> 00:16:14,641
from the list of local property owners

255
00:16:14,766 --> 00:16:16,810
and the electoral rolls,

256
00:16:16,935 --> 00:16:20,063
from classes
which have a vested interest

257
00:16:20,188 --> 00:16:22,232
in society remaining unchanged.

258
00:16:26,695 --> 00:16:29,447
...contradictory.

259
00:16:29,573 --> 00:16:33,118
So let's take...

260
00:16:33,243 --> 00:16:35,412
something

261
00:16:35,537 --> 00:16:37,163
which makes it possible...

262
00:16:38,957 --> 00:16:42,168
to bring out the contradictions

263
00:16:42,294 --> 00:16:45,881
and show how we're trying

264
00:16:46,006 --> 00:16:49,801
to clear up the situation

265
00:16:49,926 --> 00:16:52,470
that oppresses us.

266
00:16:52,596 --> 00:16:54,598
What did we say?

267
00:16:54,723 --> 00:16:57,767
What are we in?

268
00:16:57,893 --> 00:17:01,062
We're in a situation

269
00:17:01,187 --> 00:17:05,108
of constant repression

270
00:17:05,233 --> 00:17:07,402
and we're going to show you

271
00:17:07,527 --> 00:17:12,991
some victims of that repression

272
00:17:13,116 --> 00:17:17,454
who are nonetheless
trying to break free.

273
00:17:17,579 --> 00:17:21,875
- A trial, then?
- Yes, a legal proceeding.

274
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,793
That would be...

275
00:17:23,919 --> 00:17:27,547
That's not bad, proceeding.

276
00:17:27,672 --> 00:17:32,344
I know now
why we chose "proceeding".

277
00:17:32,469 --> 00:17:35,889
It's because
we're involved in a process,

278
00:17:36,014 --> 00:17:41,645
a revolutionary process

279
00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:46,650
opposing a conservative system,

280
00:17:46,775 --> 00:17:50,362
and in the movies
you have to dodge bullets too,

281
00:17:50,487 --> 00:17:53,031
sugar-coated bullets

282
00:17:53,156 --> 00:17:56,826
but dangerous bullets all the same,
deadly even.

283
00:17:56,952 --> 00:17:59,120
But it explains

284
00:17:59,245 --> 00:18:03,541
all our difficulties.

285
00:18:03,667 --> 00:18:07,087
It's the reason
why we can't even talk.

286
00:18:07,212 --> 00:18:13,593
It's the contradiction
between theory and practice.

287
00:18:18,139 --> 00:18:20,934
Take Jacky's case, for example.

288
00:18:21,059 --> 00:18:23,645
I'm drawn to him because...

289
00:18:24,729 --> 00:18:27,232
...his actions may be individualistic...

290
00:18:34,572 --> 00:18:36,533
...but they're also quite spontaneous.

291
00:18:36,658 --> 00:18:40,036
At times, he breaks with the system,

292
00:18:40,161 --> 00:18:41,871
telling them all to go to hell

293
00:18:41,997 --> 00:18:45,250
or refusing to pay in the Metro

294
00:18:45,375 --> 00:18:47,460
because he's sick of getting up at six

295
00:18:47,585 --> 00:18:52,173
in order to be at work by eight.

296
00:18:59,305 --> 00:19:03,393
It's purely spontaneous
but it's also individualistic.

297
00:19:03,518 --> 00:19:06,312
He's the one who beats up the boss.

298
00:19:06,438 --> 00:19:10,859
It's a revolt that extends beyond him.
He sets an example to others.

299
00:19:10,984 --> 00:19:13,445
He meets other guys
who want to join in

300
00:19:13,570 --> 00:19:17,073
but he's still fighting alone,
as best he can.

301
00:19:17,198 --> 00:19:22,245
That's why he talks so little
in life and in the film.

302
00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:27,375
Something's taking shape there,
but it's not clear yet.

303
00:19:34,507 --> 00:19:38,094
For Dave Dellinger
the break is something else.

304
00:19:38,219 --> 00:19:40,638
He's different.

305
00:19:40,764 --> 00:19:43,767
He's a graduate
of Washington University.

306
00:19:43,892 --> 00:19:46,144
He's 53 years old.

307
00:19:46,269 --> 00:19:51,274
He's a pacifist
who first served time during WW2.

308
00:19:51,399 --> 00:19:54,652
He was at Union Theological Seminary.

309
00:19:54,778 --> 00:19:58,823
He was going to be drafted
as a chaplain.

310
00:19:58,948 --> 00:20:01,576
He refused to go
as a conscientious objector.

311
00:20:01,701 --> 00:20:06,539
He didn't want anything
to do with any army.

312
00:20:06,664 --> 00:20:08,917
He got a year and a day in jail.

313
00:20:09,042 --> 00:20:12,712
He got out, refused to go a second time,
and ended up back in jail.

314
00:20:13,588 --> 00:20:18,676
Dellinger was like Gandhi
or Martin Luther King.

315
00:20:18,802 --> 00:20:20,720
He's marched, he's staged sit-ins,

316
00:20:20,845 --> 00:20:24,682
he's been arrested
at hundreds of demonstrations

317
00:20:24,808 --> 00:20:26,726
and he's still at it.

318
00:20:26,851 --> 00:20:30,772
You can't tell if he's scared or not
when you see him at a demonstration.

319
00:20:31,481 --> 00:20:38,404
His face is as dead-pan
as a Canadian lumberjack,

320
00:20:38,530 --> 00:20:41,574
except for that stubborn look he has

321
00:20:41,699 --> 00:20:45,787
when he sits on the ground and
has to be dragged away by the cops,

322
00:20:45,912 --> 00:20:48,498
or when he intervenes in person

323
00:20:48,623 --> 00:20:51,292
whenever the situation gets explosive.

324
00:20:51,417 --> 00:20:57,549
Not that it doesn't take courage
to step in front of a policeman's baton,

325
00:20:58,508 --> 00:21:03,513
but as for writing petitions all the time
and making lists, what's the use?

326
00:21:03,638 --> 00:21:06,975
It didn't help the Rosenbergs much.

327
00:21:07,100 --> 00:21:10,311
And the Stockholm Appeal
didn't do much either.

328
00:21:10,436 --> 00:21:15,150
So he ought to find another way
to make the break too.

329
00:21:15,275 --> 00:21:16,943
What a waste!

330
00:21:17,068 --> 00:21:20,738
And in sequence three,

331
00:21:20,864 --> 00:21:25,535
when Yves answers...

332
00:21:25,660 --> 00:21:27,954
Yes, but he responds.

333
00:21:28,079 --> 00:21:32,333
- Yes, he responds in the gaps.
- The gaps in the judge's speech.

334
00:21:32,458 --> 00:21:37,255
The speech he makes is really violent.

335
00:21:37,380 --> 00:21:44,220
But do people in the audience realise

336
00:21:44,345 --> 00:21:49,350
that this violent speech
has lost its impact?

337
00:21:49,475 --> 00:21:53,479
- I say they don't
- It's just in the gaps.

338
00:21:53,605 --> 00:21:55,481
I say they don't, Rosa,

339
00:21:55,607 --> 00:22:02,280
because Yves was being directed
by Judge Himmler.

340
00:22:02,405 --> 00:22:03,990
Don't you think so, Rosa?

341
00:22:04,115 --> 00:22:05,575
Yes, it's true.

342
00:22:05,700 --> 00:22:10,830
I think we ought to start over again

343
00:22:10,955 --> 00:22:17,045
and show how these activists on trial

344
00:22:17,170 --> 00:22:23,301
have been conditioned by everything,

345
00:22:23,426 --> 00:22:31,809
by the whole of their previous lives...

346
00:22:31,935 --> 00:22:36,231
We must show them
outside the courtroom.

347
00:22:36,356 --> 00:22:37,690
Yes.

348
00:22:37,815 --> 00:22:39,692
To broaden the picture.

349
00:22:39,817 --> 00:22:45,073
It's not so easy to make the break

350
00:22:45,198 --> 00:22:51,454
inside the judicial system.

351
00:22:51,579 --> 00:22:55,458
And the main problem, after all,

352
00:22:55,583 --> 00:23:00,630
is making the break.

353
00:23:00,755 --> 00:23:07,303
But how can you show
the break in pictures?

354
00:23:07,428 --> 00:23:10,848
I really don't know.

355
00:23:10,974 --> 00:23:15,853
First, we have to become accustomed

356
00:23:15,979 --> 00:23:19,774
to the images that oppress us

357
00:23:19,899 --> 00:23:22,735
in order to learn how to destroy them

358
00:23:22,860 --> 00:23:25,071
and later...

359
00:23:25,196 --> 00:23:26,823
And later...

360
00:23:26,948 --> 00:23:30,910
Take Juliet, she's a fighter.
She has courage.

361
00:23:31,035 --> 00:23:33,621
She's come to blows
several times with the police.

362
00:23:35,623 --> 00:23:38,418
And then she uses
a type of discourse

363
00:23:38,543 --> 00:23:40,920
which is often right.

364
00:23:41,045 --> 00:23:43,840
OK, but let's look at the practical side.

365
00:23:43,965 --> 00:23:46,676
How does she live?

366
00:23:46,801 --> 00:23:51,848
Here she's in a kind of collective.

367
00:23:51,973 --> 00:23:55,893
This group of friends got together
and formed a collective.

368
00:23:56,019 --> 00:23:59,188
But they haven't really tried

369
00:23:59,314 --> 00:24:03,651
to think through the reasons for it
and the practical aspects of it.

370
00:24:03,776 --> 00:24:08,072
And anyway,
how is this collective any different

371
00:24:08,197 --> 00:24:11,159
from the way they lived before?

372
00:24:11,284 --> 00:24:13,578
It's still pretty obscure.

373
00:24:13,703 --> 00:24:17,123
There's an awfully big difference
between this shot

374
00:24:17,248 --> 00:24:19,250
and the shot
that's meant to be political,

375
00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:23,129
the one where she's got
her helmet and club.

376
00:24:23,254 --> 00:24:25,423
They just don't seem to go together.

377
00:24:37,894 --> 00:24:41,147
And then there's John Kunstler,
the lawyer.

378
00:24:41,272 --> 00:24:43,399
Sure, he's a nice guy,

379
00:24:43,524 --> 00:24:47,695
but he's got a fancy apartment
and a Daimler

380
00:24:47,820 --> 00:24:50,490
and he rehearses his speeches

381
00:24:50,615 --> 00:24:52,450
like a ham actor.

382
00:24:53,076 --> 00:24:55,703
Sure, he defends revolutionaries.

383
00:24:55,828 --> 00:25:00,291
He quotes the Bill of Rights
passed in 1789.

384
00:25:00,416 --> 00:25:04,712
But he doesn't realise
that this is a bourgeois travesty,

385
00:25:04,837 --> 00:25:07,298
a travesty of justice.

386
00:25:10,885 --> 00:25:14,472
He waves his arms about
like Castro at Moncada,

387
00:25:14,597 --> 00:25:17,850
but Castro was in
a concrete situation,

388
00:25:17,975 --> 00:25:19,769
and so was Dimitrov.

389
00:25:19,894 --> 00:25:22,814
As for the Algerian NLF prisoners,

390
00:25:22,939 --> 00:25:25,608
they played the French game

391
00:25:25,733 --> 00:25:28,319
since they were prisoners of war,

392
00:25:28,444 --> 00:25:30,655
an undeclared war,

393
00:25:30,780 --> 00:25:33,658
but they were real revolutionaries.

394
00:25:33,783 --> 00:25:38,329
John talks and waves his arms about.

395
00:25:38,454 --> 00:25:40,123
He's full of altruism.

396
00:25:40,248 --> 00:25:44,127
But he, too, must realise
that he must change his life.

397
00:25:44,252 --> 00:25:46,879
It's fine to want to change
other people's lives,

398
00:25:47,004 --> 00:25:50,133
but you've got to start
by changing your own.

399
00:25:51,634 --> 00:25:53,261
What was that about the radicals?

400
00:25:53,386 --> 00:25:56,806
The radicals need to say

401
00:25:56,931 --> 00:26:03,563
they've been jailed
by the bourgeois justice system

402
00:26:03,688 --> 00:26:07,817
for their radicalism.

403
00:26:07,942 --> 00:26:13,531
They must also turn their trial

404
00:26:13,656 --> 00:26:18,119
into an act of resistance.

405
00:26:18,244 --> 00:26:23,416
It's a continuation
of what's happening in universities

406
00:26:23,541 --> 00:26:26,085
and companies

407
00:26:26,210 --> 00:26:28,129
and factories

408
00:26:28,254 --> 00:26:30,965
against the cops,

409
00:26:31,090 --> 00:26:34,844
and it's not so simple...

410
00:26:34,969 --> 00:26:41,017
Our position in this trial

411
00:26:41,142 --> 00:26:48,774
may at first sight appear

412
00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:51,777
ridiculous and grotesque.

413
00:26:51,903 --> 00:26:53,196
A puppet show, yes.

414
00:26:55,823 --> 00:26:59,118
Yes, but in Chicago
they woke America up,

415
00:26:59,243 --> 00:27:01,871
Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin.

416
00:27:01,996 --> 00:27:05,041
Yes, because next

417
00:27:05,166 --> 00:27:09,587
we're going to try to explain...

418
00:27:13,090 --> 00:27:15,676
It is the turn of the defence.

419
00:27:15,801 --> 00:27:17,011
What is your name?

420
00:27:17,470 --> 00:27:19,347
That's hard to say.

421
00:27:19,472 --> 00:27:25,603
There are so many informers
and agitators in this court,

422
00:27:25,728 --> 00:27:29,232
paid by the government
to infiltrate us,

423
00:27:29,357 --> 00:27:31,317
that I can't believe
what I say any more.

424
00:27:31,442 --> 00:27:35,196
I end up wondering
if I'm not one of them.

425
00:27:35,321 --> 00:27:39,492
That's right, he's a Finkerton man!

426
00:27:39,617 --> 00:27:41,285
- Silence!
- That's right.

427
00:27:41,410 --> 00:27:45,790
I may just be a finking machine now.

428
00:27:48,668 --> 00:27:51,087
Miss Country Joe MacDonald,

429
00:27:51,212 --> 00:27:55,758
sing us the song you sang
at the meeting on Wednesday the 12th.

430
00:27:55,883 --> 00:27:58,719
Objection, Your Honour.
He's trying to influence the jury.

431
00:27:58,844 --> 00:28:02,848
The witness will speak the lyrics
or hum the tune

432
00:28:02,974 --> 00:28:04,850
but not both together.

433
00:28:10,898 --> 00:28:12,942
The hours spent asleep

434
00:28:13,067 --> 00:28:14,735
in your dormitory suburb.

435
00:28:14,860 --> 00:28:17,905
Or half-suffocating on your commute.

436
00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:21,534
Same rat-race, morning and evening,
come rain or shine.

437
00:28:21,659 --> 00:28:24,287
Yesterday, today, tomorrow
the alarm goes off at five.

438
00:28:24,412 --> 00:28:27,206
Catch the 5:52 train.
Clock in or out.

439
00:28:27,331 --> 00:28:30,293
The starting gates open
and the next ten-hour shift begins.

440
00:28:30,418 --> 00:28:33,379
Thousands of robots rush
into a nightmarish factory.

441
00:28:33,504 --> 00:28:36,757
Reeking from tons of steel
and sticky with grease.

442
00:28:36,882 --> 00:28:40,011
Meanwhile the rich are still dreaming
their privileged dreams.

443
00:28:40,136 --> 00:28:43,431
Beyond those hellish hours,
is any life left?

444
00:28:43,556 --> 00:28:47,059
The local swimming pool
on a Sunday morning.

445
00:28:47,184 --> 00:28:52,440
Nights out organised by your boss
in seedy clubs for suckers.

446
00:28:52,565 --> 00:28:54,233
But the people are rebelling.

447
00:28:54,358 --> 00:28:56,068
It's only just begun.

448
00:28:56,193 --> 00:28:59,905
No one understands the meaning
of the word justice better than you.

449
00:29:00,031 --> 00:29:02,825
Comrade, what you paid for
in sweat is yours.

450
00:29:02,950 --> 00:29:05,494
Comrade, what you paid for
in blood is yours.

451
00:29:05,620 --> 00:29:07,872
Quake with fear, privileged scum.

452
00:29:07,997 --> 00:29:09,332
Your dream is over.

453
00:29:10,166 --> 00:29:12,835
Our feast will begin
with your nightmare.

454
00:29:13,544 --> 00:29:16,756
Can you explain to me, Mr Rosa,

455
00:29:16,881 --> 00:29:19,258
the reason for this strike

456
00:29:19,383 --> 00:29:25,264
when the workers have just enjoyed
a pay rise of 25 centimes an hour?

457
00:29:25,389 --> 00:29:29,310
How can you "enjoy"
a pay rise of 25 centimes?

458
00:29:29,435 --> 00:29:34,649
I mean they have more money
and hence greater enjoyment.

459
00:29:34,774 --> 00:29:37,777
So if the government gives you
25 centimes an hour

460
00:29:37,902 --> 00:29:39,570
you get a hard-on?

461
00:29:39,695 --> 00:29:41,280
Absolutely.

462
00:29:41,405 --> 00:29:42,948
Contempt of court.

463
00:29:43,074 --> 00:29:45,785
Extreme contempt of court.

464
00:29:45,910 --> 00:29:46,911
Silence!

465
00:29:47,745 --> 00:29:49,664
- Silence!
- Objection, Your Honour.

466
00:29:49,789 --> 00:29:52,625
The defendant is evading the issue.

467
00:29:56,379 --> 00:29:58,964
Objection sustained.

468
00:29:59,090 --> 00:30:03,344
The defendant must
answer questions directly.

469
00:30:03,469 --> 00:30:07,473
I direct the dialogue in a way
that makes its impact clear.

470
00:30:07,598 --> 00:30:08,724
In other words,

471
00:30:08,849 --> 00:30:15,147
delivering the lines
may satisfy or anger the speaker

472
00:30:15,272 --> 00:30:19,860
and we, too, may be angered
or satisfied with the words spoken.

473
00:30:21,153 --> 00:30:24,115
This makes it harder to watch films.

474
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:27,743
Often the message isn't clear
until the second viewing.

475
00:30:29,328 --> 00:30:30,538
Silence!

476
00:30:31,330 --> 00:30:34,333
- Who are you?
- I'm a dirty nigger by choice.

477
00:30:34,458 --> 00:30:36,252
- What's your name?
- Up-the-arse.

478
00:30:36,377 --> 00:30:38,546
My mother fucked
the Unknown Soldier.

479
00:30:38,671 --> 00:30:40,548
- Where do you live?
- Dope City.

480
00:30:40,673 --> 00:30:43,134
- What state is that in?
- A state of mind.

481
00:30:43,259 --> 00:30:45,761
I belong to a nation
where the young feel alienated.

482
00:30:45,886 --> 00:30:50,891
We carry that nation in our minds
like the Sioux carried theirs.

483
00:30:51,392 --> 00:30:52,476
Silence!

484
00:30:53,769 --> 00:30:57,189
That's enough.
We won't stand for any references

485
00:30:57,314 --> 00:30:59,984
to the philosophy of the Indians.

486
00:31:00,109 --> 00:31:01,360
Silence!

487
00:31:02,945 --> 00:31:03,946
Silence!

488
00:31:04,989 --> 00:31:08,617
Is it true that you told United Press

489
00:31:08,743 --> 00:31:11,662
that your organisation
threatened to put LSD

490
00:31:11,787 --> 00:31:13,831
in the reservoir?

491
00:31:16,083 --> 00:31:21,255
Is it true that you told a reporter
from Japanese television

492
00:31:21,380 --> 00:31:24,925
that you were going to perform
the just act of liberating the lions

493
00:31:25,050 --> 00:31:29,054
in order to necessitate the deployment
of the forces of order to the zoo

494
00:31:29,180 --> 00:31:31,307
when they were needed elsewhere?

495
00:31:33,934 --> 00:31:36,479
Objection, Your Honour. Objection.

496
00:31:36,604 --> 00:31:39,398
The defendant keeps
repeating my questions.

497
00:31:39,523 --> 00:31:41,150
Objection, your Honour.

498
00:31:41,275 --> 00:31:45,237
The prosecutor is using
my answers as questions.

499
00:31:45,362 --> 00:31:48,991
The defendant must not echo
the prosecutor.

500
00:31:49,992 --> 00:31:54,038
Anyway, I say my lines

501
00:31:54,163 --> 00:31:58,918
before the audience hears them.

502
00:31:59,043 --> 00:32:02,630
What it hears will be in the past.

503
00:32:02,755 --> 00:32:07,343
Each word coming out of my mouth
follows a set path

504
00:32:07,468 --> 00:32:11,597
and falls into the listener's ear.

505
00:32:11,722 --> 00:32:15,392
I wait and listen to it fall.

506
00:32:15,518 --> 00:32:19,313
I know our experiences
are not the same

507
00:32:19,438 --> 00:32:24,735
and take place at different times.

508
00:32:26,445 --> 00:32:27,446
Silence!

509
00:32:38,874 --> 00:32:40,251
America.

510
00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:42,461
<i>Sieg Heil.</i>

511
00:32:44,171 --> 00:32:45,464
France.

512
00:32:45,589 --> 00:32:47,007
<i>Sieg Heil.</i>

513
00:32:49,009 --> 00:32:51,136
Soviet Union.

514
00:32:51,262 --> 00:32:52,638
<i>Sieg Heil.</i>

515
00:32:55,015 --> 00:32:56,725
Israel.

516
00:32:56,851 --> 00:32:58,435
<i>Sieg Heil.</i>

517
00:32:59,770 --> 00:33:03,774
And now we'll give you

518
00:33:03,899 --> 00:33:08,237
a formal demonstration

519
00:33:08,362 --> 00:33:12,741
of the use of a baton.

520
00:33:23,210 --> 00:33:25,838
<i>Eins, zwei, drei.</i>

521
00:33:25,963 --> 00:33:27,798
Objection. The images in this film...

522
00:33:27,923 --> 00:33:30,342
Your Honour, the best way
to show the court

523
00:33:30,467 --> 00:33:33,846
the state of mind of my clients,
Karl Vladimir and Friedrich Rosa,

524
00:33:33,971 --> 00:33:35,514
is by the images in this film.

525
00:34:28,859 --> 00:34:33,197
Conclusions based on experience

526
00:34:33,322 --> 00:34:38,953
do not generally connect up
in the same way

527
00:34:39,078 --> 00:34:43,624
as the facts behind the experience.

528
00:34:44,249 --> 00:34:47,544
Simply putting conclusions together

529
00:34:47,670 --> 00:34:54,635
does not give a true picture
of the facts on which they rest.

530
00:34:55,719 --> 00:35:01,934
When the conclusions are all linked

531
00:35:02,059 --> 00:35:04,687
and there are too many of them

532
00:35:04,812 --> 00:35:08,774
it is often very difficult

533
00:35:08,899 --> 00:35:11,944
to refer back to the facts.

534
00:35:12,069 --> 00:35:17,408
It's the whole world
that produces the image

535
00:35:17,533 --> 00:35:19,076
but the image...

536
00:35:19,201 --> 00:35:23,664
but the image does not encompass
the whole world.

537
00:35:24,665 --> 00:35:28,293
It is more important to link conclusions

538
00:35:28,419 --> 00:35:32,589
to experience
than to other conclusions...

539
00:35:32,715 --> 00:35:35,718
than to other conclusions,

540
00:35:35,843 --> 00:35:38,178
when these conclusions

541
00:35:38,303 --> 00:35:44,393
are aimed at controlling things.

542
00:35:46,437 --> 00:35:51,692
Lenin was against the idea

543
00:35:51,817 --> 00:35:56,822
of constructing images,

544
00:35:56,947 --> 00:36:01,827
images of the world
that were too complete.

545
00:36:13,297 --> 00:36:18,093
The state of mind is
what the law means by "intent".

546
00:36:18,218 --> 00:36:22,222
The defendants are accused
not of conspiracy against state security

547
00:36:22,347 --> 00:36:26,018
but of the intent to conspire,
or rather the intent to have the intent.

548
00:36:26,143 --> 00:36:31,065
Article 23 of paragraph 5 of the decree
voted in by the senate on 3 June 1968.

549
00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:34,109
Very interesting, Mr Chrysler.

550
00:36:34,234 --> 00:36:35,360
Kunstler!

551
00:36:35,486 --> 00:36:38,155
Very interesting, Mr Tobler.

552
00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:39,907
Objection overruled.

553
00:36:40,032 --> 00:36:45,245
Mr Rosa and Mr Vladimir's film
will not be screened.

554
00:36:51,502 --> 00:36:54,213
Mr Vladimir, can you explain to me

555
00:36:54,338 --> 00:36:57,966
the meaning of the word "racist"

556
00:36:58,092 --> 00:37:00,928
which Mr Bobby X keeps
throwing at me?

557
00:37:01,053 --> 00:37:04,181
I'll explain to you with an image.

558
00:37:04,306 --> 00:37:08,018
Imagine a worker who is so poor

559
00:37:08,143 --> 00:37:10,687
he has to eat shit.

560
00:37:10,813 --> 00:37:13,732
Now ask him this:

561
00:37:13,857 --> 00:37:15,442
given that he has to eat shit

562
00:37:15,567 --> 00:37:19,029
would he rather eat shit
from a white man's arse

563
00:37:19,154 --> 00:37:21,990
or a black man's arse?

564
00:37:22,616 --> 00:37:25,869
If he prefers white man's shit,

565
00:37:25,994 --> 00:37:29,832
then that worker is a damned racist.

566
00:38:11,123 --> 00:38:13,876
<i>Dialectical materialism</i>
<i>is a scandal and an abomination</i>

567
00:38:14,001 --> 00:38:15,919
<i>for class leaders and their ideologies.</i>

568
00:38:16,044 --> 00:38:18,922
<i>Along with a clear conception</i>
<i>of things as they are,</i>

569
00:38:19,047 --> 00:38:21,675
<i>it retains the knowledge</i>
<i>of their inevitable negation,</i>

570
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:23,427
<i>their necessary destruction.</i>

571
00:38:23,552 --> 00:38:25,387
<i>Given the nature</i>
<i>of the term movement,</i>

572
00:38:25,512 --> 00:38:28,182
<i>in which all forms are</i>
<i>a transitory configuration,</i>

573
00:38:28,307 --> 00:38:29,725
<i>nothing can oppose it</i>

574
00:38:29,850 --> 00:38:32,477
<i>because it is essentially</i>
<i>critical and revolutionary.</i>

575
00:38:32,603 --> 00:38:35,689
This sequence, like all those
which take place outside the court,

576
00:38:35,814 --> 00:38:38,275
which is every second sequence,

577
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:41,278
is narrated by Vladimir and Rosa

578
00:38:41,403 --> 00:38:45,073
who point out the general theme.

579
00:38:45,199 --> 00:38:48,702
Here the theme is sexuality
and the break.

580
00:38:48,827 --> 00:38:52,956
Anne says it is almost impossible
as things stand

581
00:38:53,081 --> 00:38:55,542
to show in a convincing way

582
00:38:55,667 --> 00:38:59,421
that is neither fascist or anarchist

583
00:38:59,546 --> 00:39:03,133
a shot of Yves and herself...

584
00:39:03,258 --> 00:39:04,885
a shot of Yves and herself

585
00:39:05,010 --> 00:39:10,474
really breaking
with bourgeois sexual ideology.

586
00:39:11,308 --> 00:39:16,104
Even showing an image of herself
is difficult,

587
00:39:16,230 --> 00:39:18,941
even though she's fighting
for women's liberation

588
00:39:19,066 --> 00:39:22,444
and tying her struggle in
with that of the Viet Cong

589
00:39:22,569 --> 00:39:23,987
and the workers.

590
00:39:48,845 --> 00:39:50,555
- Anne?
- Yes?

591
00:40:10,742 --> 00:40:14,746
We're going to show Anne
illustrating the theory to Yves

592
00:40:14,871 --> 00:40:20,669
that a woman's text, in this case
a text written by a South African woman,

593
00:40:20,794 --> 00:40:26,633
becomes a completely different text
when read by a man.

594
00:40:38,562 --> 00:40:41,273
ABORTION
FREE, LEGAL, NO CHARGE

595
00:40:41,398 --> 00:40:44,067
FOR THE RICH THE CLINIC

596
00:40:44,192 --> 00:40:46,862
FOR THE POOR
THE KNITTING NEEDLE

597
00:40:46,987 --> 00:40:49,740
ABORTION IS A CLASS ISSUE

598
00:40:54,953 --> 00:40:57,581
CRÈCHES FOR THE PEOPLE!

599
00:41:12,596 --> 00:41:17,017
"Today, women from every walk of life
know they are oppressed

600
00:41:17,142 --> 00:41:21,271
"and we want to join forces
to take our liberation in hand.

601
00:41:21,396 --> 00:41:25,400
"We must revolt at home,
at work and in the streets

602
00:41:25,525 --> 00:41:28,153
"against the capitalist system
that oppresses us

603
00:41:28,278 --> 00:41:30,947
"and the ideologies that enslave us.

604
00:41:31,073 --> 00:41:34,701
"Dare to fight. Unite.
Women's liberation, year zero."

605
00:41:36,495 --> 00:41:37,746
Not bad.

606
00:41:41,375 --> 00:41:43,418
We discussed this with Juliet.

607
00:41:46,630 --> 00:41:48,924
She doesn't think
it's relevant to the trial.

608
00:41:50,008 --> 00:41:53,261
When she ends up in a women's prison
she'll see how relevant it is.

609
00:41:56,348 --> 00:41:57,849
Prison is a different matter.

610
00:42:00,310 --> 00:42:02,979
Agitation is necessary, of course,

611
00:42:03,105 --> 00:42:06,858
but if the women jurors
heard anything like this,

612
00:42:08,610 --> 00:42:10,654
they just wouldn't get it.

613
00:42:11,279 --> 00:42:12,906
It would be a start, wouldn't it?

614
00:42:13,031 --> 00:42:16,201
Yes, but maybe a false start.

615
00:42:19,579 --> 00:42:21,415
We should talk to the others first.

616
00:42:24,042 --> 00:42:25,252
Don't you think so?

617
00:42:26,086 --> 00:42:27,963
The others are like you.

618
00:42:28,088 --> 00:42:30,382
They say they understand,
but they don't.

619
00:42:32,050 --> 00:42:36,430
"We women are fighting
for a time when we cease

620
00:42:36,555 --> 00:42:39,307
"to get less pay than a man
for the same work,

621
00:42:39,433 --> 00:42:41,601
"to be financially dependent
on our men,

622
00:42:41,726 --> 00:42:45,605
"to do unpaid
yet socially essential housework."

623
00:42:45,730 --> 00:42:47,315
I understand perfectly.

624
00:42:47,441 --> 00:42:48,817
"Our bodies are exploited

625
00:42:48,942 --> 00:42:52,154
"because we are not allowed
to choose whether to have a child

626
00:42:52,279 --> 00:42:53,947
"because of the ban on abortion

627
00:42:54,072 --> 00:42:57,117
"and the moral pressures
on our sex life.

628
00:42:58,493 --> 00:43:02,414
"We must bow to feminine norms
imposed by advertising

629
00:43:02,539 --> 00:43:04,458
"to earn recognition."

630
00:43:04,583 --> 00:43:07,252
That should be clear to anyone.

631
00:43:09,921 --> 00:43:12,090
Once we're all sent down for two years

632
00:43:12,215 --> 00:43:15,135
none of us will be fucking any more,
that's for sure.

633
00:43:16,094 --> 00:43:20,390
When we're both locked up for two years
there won't be any more fucking.

634
00:43:20,515 --> 00:43:23,435
Of course, but I don't see
how is that so hard to understand?

635
00:43:24,436 --> 00:43:27,564
All right, Yves,
but when it comes to fucking

636
00:43:27,689 --> 00:43:29,816
us girls will talk about it differently

637
00:43:29,941 --> 00:43:31,943
than you will with your cellmates.

638
00:43:32,068 --> 00:43:36,656
Even Juliet will see that women's minds
are shaped by their situation in society.

639
00:43:37,365 --> 00:43:42,454
Even Juliet will see that women's minds
are shaped by their situation in society.

640
00:43:42,579 --> 00:43:44,581
Of course. We're men.

641
00:43:45,832 --> 00:43:47,459
And you're girls.

642
00:43:47,584 --> 00:43:49,127
Damn it, Yves!

643
00:43:49,252 --> 00:43:51,296
OK, I guess I don't get it.

644
00:43:51,421 --> 00:43:52,923
Damn it.

645
00:43:53,048 --> 00:43:55,050
OK, I don't get it. I'll listen.

646
00:43:56,801 --> 00:43:58,178
I'll just listen.

647
00:43:59,471 --> 00:44:02,057
OK, I don't get it so I'll listen.

648
00:44:04,684 --> 00:44:07,145
What you don't get
is that you don't get it.

649
00:44:23,537 --> 00:44:24,788
What is this?

650
00:44:27,457 --> 00:44:31,086
That was written
by a black woman, an African.

651
00:44:31,211 --> 00:44:34,422
It was published on 2 July 1970
in the Black Panther newspaper.

652
00:44:51,523 --> 00:44:52,899
"Triple Oppression.

653
00:44:53,024 --> 00:44:56,361
"The Women's Liberation Front
declares our fight against oppression

654
00:44:56,486 --> 00:44:59,864
"to be linked to that
of the working classes in all aspects.

655
00:45:00,740 --> 00:45:03,660
"Both anti-slavery
and women's rights movements

656
00:45:03,785 --> 00:45:06,871
"are still considered a threat
to the establishment

657
00:45:06,997 --> 00:45:08,873
"for the same reasons.

658
00:45:08,999 --> 00:45:11,668
"Black people and women
can both be paid less.

659
00:45:11,793 --> 00:45:15,046
"Until both are organised
on an equal basis

660
00:45:15,171 --> 00:45:18,675
"and are no longer
discriminated against

661
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:22,345
"they'll be the vulnerable group
of the working classes.

662
00:45:22,470 --> 00:45:25,056
"Of course, black people
are exploited more.

663
00:45:25,181 --> 00:45:27,142
"They suffer at every class level.

664
00:45:27,267 --> 00:45:30,437
"Most black women are triply exploited:

665
00:45:30,562 --> 00:45:33,273
"as black people, as women
and as workers."

666
00:45:33,982 --> 00:45:37,235
"Women remain in the category
of the most underpaid,

667
00:45:37,360 --> 00:45:41,906
"except, perhaps, in the private sector
and in specialist work.

668
00:45:43,158 --> 00:45:45,076
"In periods of unemployment

669
00:45:45,201 --> 00:45:47,912
"they often have no hope of finding work

670
00:45:48,038 --> 00:45:50,123
"except as servants.

671
00:45:50,248 --> 00:45:55,128
"In South Africa a black woman
can work as a maid, a farm hand

672
00:45:55,253 --> 00:45:58,840
"or in a factory where she is
the cheapest labour available.

673
00:46:00,467 --> 00:46:04,429
"Most working women,
whether in South Africa or in England,

674
00:46:04,554 --> 00:46:07,932
"are non-specialised workers or maids.

675
00:46:10,644 --> 00:46:13,021
"Female workers are doubly exploited:

676
00:46:13,146 --> 00:46:15,482
"by their husbands and by capitalism.

677
00:46:16,566 --> 00:46:19,194
"A male worker, despite
being exploited by the system,

678
00:46:19,319 --> 00:46:23,365
"collaborates with it
in his relations with his wife.

679
00:46:23,490 --> 00:46:27,577
"Whether they get along or not,
he still exploits her."

680
00:46:28,328 --> 00:46:30,163
"With the rise in private property,

681
00:46:30,288 --> 00:46:33,249
"women became
an object of exploitation.

682
00:46:33,375 --> 00:46:36,169
"Whether slaves, serfs or wage earners,

683
00:46:36,294 --> 00:46:39,547
"women have always been
vassals par excellence."

684
00:46:39,673 --> 00:46:40,715
Give it here.

685
00:46:49,474 --> 00:46:53,228
"Middle-class women
are also exploited.

686
00:46:53,353 --> 00:46:57,607
"Middle-class women
in the private sector are also exploited.

687
00:46:57,732 --> 00:47:00,235
"For they are so hell-bent on proving

688
00:47:00,360 --> 00:47:04,197
"how efficient they can be
in a job controlled by men

689
00:47:04,322 --> 00:47:07,575
"that they work
much harder for less pay

690
00:47:07,701 --> 00:47:11,830
"and they do it
just to keep their jobs

691
00:47:11,955 --> 00:47:14,040
"because the competition is stiff.

692
00:47:15,125 --> 00:47:19,212
"They are told that aggressiveness
and force of character in the workplace

693
00:47:19,337 --> 00:47:21,673
"are not attractive in a woman.

694
00:47:21,798 --> 00:47:25,218
"That's why they can't get rid
of old prejudices

695
00:47:25,343 --> 00:47:29,222
"such as: a woman's place
is in the home.

696
00:47:30,098 --> 00:47:34,561
"To not attract a man,
no matter who the man is,

697
00:47:34,686 --> 00:47:37,605
"is felt to be a lost
business opportunity."

698
00:47:38,523 --> 00:47:39,566
Hang on.

699
00:47:41,317 --> 00:47:45,655
"When women show aggressiveness
in a professional context

700
00:47:45,780 --> 00:47:49,284
"it is always regarded
as a loss of femininity.

701
00:47:50,201 --> 00:47:56,541
"For example, radical feminists
are often told by male radicals

702
00:47:56,666 --> 00:48:00,336
"that they want to castrate them
and make them impotent.

703
00:48:00,462 --> 00:48:02,839
"We have to listen to nonsense like..."

704
00:48:02,964 --> 00:48:04,841
- Give it to me
- Let me finish.

705
00:48:04,966 --> 00:48:06,009
"...nonsense like,

706
00:48:06,134 --> 00:48:10,430
"'When she tells men off,
she's getting back at her father."'

707
00:48:10,555 --> 00:48:12,182
Give it to me.

708
00:48:13,057 --> 00:48:16,352
"Messages of solidarity came
from women in North Vietnam

709
00:48:16,478 --> 00:48:18,104
"and from the FLN,

710
00:48:18,229 --> 00:48:21,149
"students at Oxford
occupying the Clarendon Building..."

711
00:48:21,274 --> 00:48:23,401
Make an effort.
Don't read like that.

712
00:48:23,526 --> 00:48:25,361
Unbelievable!
I listened to you!

713
00:48:25,487 --> 00:48:26,905
"...Clarendon Building

714
00:48:27,030 --> 00:48:29,991
"and female workers on strike
in textile factories in Leeds,

715
00:48:30,116 --> 00:48:31,534
"but most tangible of all

716
00:48:31,659 --> 00:48:35,455
"were the women's meetings
held all over England

717
00:48:35,580 --> 00:48:39,083
"and the lists of organisations
exchanged for the first time.

718
00:48:39,209 --> 00:48:42,545
"In Vietnam women fight alongside men
to free their country

719
00:48:42,670 --> 00:48:44,422
"in a socialist revolution.

720
00:48:44,547 --> 00:48:48,676
"In the US, they occupied the offices
of Vogue and Newsweek,

721
00:48:48,802 --> 00:48:51,888
"furious at the patronising attitude
of the men in the movement

722
00:48:52,013 --> 00:48:55,600
"who put them up front
at demonstrations, just to be nice."

723
00:48:55,725 --> 00:48:56,726
Just to be nice!

724
00:48:56,851 --> 00:49:02,398
Darling, we want to work together.
For that we've got to think together.

725
00:49:02,524 --> 00:49:05,235
Try for once to think with my voice.

726
00:49:05,360 --> 00:49:07,946
We'll see how unlike we are,

727
00:49:08,071 --> 00:49:10,031
even if our views are alike.

728
00:49:10,156 --> 00:49:11,699
Look straight ahead.

729
00:49:15,119 --> 00:49:24,754
The Women's Liberation Front

730
00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:32,262
calls for the fight

731
00:49:32,387 --> 00:49:42,386
to be not only about getting
our immediate demands met

732
00:49:45,024 --> 00:49:49,237
but also about fighting
shoulder to shoulder

733
00:49:49,362 --> 00:49:51,614
with the workers,

734
00:49:51,739 --> 00:49:56,327
shoulder to shoulder

735
00:49:56,452 --> 00:50:02,375
with the workers

736
00:50:02,500 --> 00:50:06,087
to put an end
to this system of exploitation

737
00:50:06,212 --> 00:50:09,674
of men and women by men.

738
00:50:09,799 --> 00:50:12,969
To put an end
to this system of exploitation

739
00:50:13,094 --> 00:50:14,679
of men and women by men.

740
00:50:18,892 --> 00:50:20,852
PATRIARCHAL ORDER

741
00:50:23,062 --> 00:50:24,898
CLASS STRUGGLE

742
00:50:27,942 --> 00:50:31,446
This sequence is composed of two shots
separated by a black screen.

743
00:50:31,571 --> 00:50:34,157
The first shot is a close-up of Bobby.

744
00:50:34,282 --> 00:50:38,786
Our commentary explained
in sequence four

745
00:50:38,912 --> 00:50:41,205
that you can't just eliminate
the narration.

746
00:50:41,331 --> 00:50:45,460
Rosa explains that the decision
to show not a black picture

747
00:50:45,585 --> 00:50:46,961
but a picture of a black

748
00:50:47,086 --> 00:50:51,132
was prompted by the fact
that for a Black Panther

749
00:50:51,257 --> 00:50:54,427
the break has a different meaning.

750
00:51:03,561 --> 00:51:06,272
The Black Panthers,
because of racist oppression

751
00:51:06,397 --> 00:51:08,775
and the struggle
to which they are committed,

752
00:51:08,900 --> 00:51:12,195
have already made a concrete break

753
00:51:12,320 --> 00:51:15,239
with bourgeois imperialist society.

754
00:51:15,365 --> 00:51:17,492
And having broken with society,

755
00:51:17,617 --> 00:51:22,580
their way of maintaining the break
when society puts them on trial

756
00:51:22,705 --> 00:51:25,333
is to demand the strict application

757
00:51:25,458 --> 00:51:28,252
of the rules of the game
of bourgeois justice.

758
00:51:28,378 --> 00:51:30,672
By this simple demand

759
00:51:30,797 --> 00:51:34,175
black radicals deepen
the system's contradictions,

760
00:51:34,300 --> 00:51:37,470
exposing its so-called democracy

761
00:51:37,595 --> 00:51:41,057
and good old liberal objectivity.

762
00:51:41,182 --> 00:51:46,813
Witness the method of defence
used by Bobby Seale in Chicago.

763
00:51:46,938 --> 00:51:49,983
He asked to be defended
by a separate lawyer

764
00:51:50,108 --> 00:51:51,776
but the judge said no.

765
00:51:51,901 --> 00:51:56,823
Then he asked to represent himself
since he was denied his own lawyer

766
00:51:56,948 --> 00:51:58,825
and the judge said no to this too.

767
00:52:01,619 --> 00:52:04,288
I have no more questions, Your Honour.

768
00:52:04,414 --> 00:52:06,833
I'd like to cross-examine the witness.

769
00:52:06,958 --> 00:52:10,086
Your lawyer has just done that.

770
00:52:10,211 --> 00:52:13,172
Bobby X is not my client
and never was.

771
00:52:13,297 --> 00:52:15,967
My lawyer's not here
so I'll defend myself.

772
00:52:16,092 --> 00:52:21,222
Again it's apparent to this court
that defendant Bobby X's actions

773
00:52:21,347 --> 00:52:27,603
constitute a deliberate attempt
to obstruct the federal justice system.

774
00:52:27,729 --> 00:52:28,938
That's a lie!

775
00:52:29,063 --> 00:52:32,316
I want to defend myself.
It is my constitutional right to do so.

776
00:52:32,442 --> 00:52:37,572
Let the record show
that the defendant refuses to behave,

777
00:52:37,697 --> 00:52:39,532
despite admonishments by the court.

778
00:52:39,657 --> 00:52:43,453
Let the record show
that Bobby X is upholding his rights.

779
00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:52,003
I am bound by law to declare

780
00:52:52,128 --> 00:52:56,674
that if the defendant fails
to heed the warnings of the court

781
00:52:56,799 --> 00:53:00,803
he will be found guilty
of contempt of court.

782
00:53:00,928 --> 00:53:02,805
As a human being I have the right

783
00:53:02,930 --> 00:53:05,641
to exercise my constitutional right
to defend myself.

784
00:53:05,767 --> 00:53:08,311
I hope that's clear.
It's all I've got to say.

785
00:53:10,354 --> 00:53:13,232
I'll go on saying
what's necessary for my defence.

786
00:53:13,357 --> 00:53:15,401
I still want to cross-examine
the witness.

787
00:53:15,526 --> 00:53:21,699
Let the record show
that Bobby X raised his voice

788
00:53:21,824 --> 00:53:24,160
and pounded the table with his fists.

789
00:53:24,285 --> 00:53:26,537
That will be useful for the future.

790
00:53:26,662 --> 00:53:30,917
But Bobby wasn't shouting
or pounding his fists that day.

791
00:53:31,042 --> 00:53:34,670
Later, when he did
cross-examine a witness

792
00:53:34,796 --> 00:53:36,547
and the judge stopped him,

793
00:53:36,672 --> 00:53:42,678
he coolly quoted section 1892,
paragraph 42 of the US penal code.

794
00:53:42,804 --> 00:53:45,640
Ironically, that was not the section
he meant to quote.

795
00:53:45,765 --> 00:53:49,435
While the judge was obviously furious

796
00:53:49,560 --> 00:53:53,815
X remained very calm throughout.

797
00:53:54,941 --> 00:53:57,902
I still argue that the court has no right

798
00:53:58,027 --> 00:54:01,364
to deny me my right to defend myself
in the absence of my lawyer.

799
00:54:01,489 --> 00:54:04,158
Mr Kunstler here present
is your lawyer.

800
00:54:04,283 --> 00:54:06,619
Bobby X is not my client, Your Honour.

801
00:54:06,744 --> 00:54:09,664
Mr Kunstler has never been my lawyer.
I will defend myself.

802
00:54:11,749 --> 00:54:13,042
Silence!

803
00:54:13,167 --> 00:54:17,839
Mr X, are you going
to stop obstructing justice

804
00:54:17,964 --> 00:54:20,633
or must I ask the marshals to...

805
00:54:20,758 --> 00:54:25,972
I want to discuss my right
to defend myself.

806
00:54:26,097 --> 00:54:27,849
Court is adjourned.

807
00:54:27,974 --> 00:54:30,393
Marshal, take that defendant out of court

808
00:54:30,518 --> 00:54:32,812
and give him the treatment he deserves.

809
00:54:37,817 --> 00:54:41,195
It's the final struggle.

810
00:55:09,223 --> 00:55:11,767
The prosecution
may examine the witness.

811
00:55:12,768 --> 00:55:18,024
Did the girl have a symbol
of black power on her shirt?

812
00:55:18,149 --> 00:55:20,234
It's not a symbol of black power.

813
00:55:20,359 --> 00:55:22,320
It's the symbol
of power to the people.

814
00:55:22,445 --> 00:55:24,363
You just made
another racist statement.

815
00:55:24,488 --> 00:55:27,658
Objection, Your Honour.
He keeps calling me a racist.

816
00:55:27,783 --> 00:55:29,368
Objection sustained.

817
00:55:29,493 --> 00:55:31,829
Imperialism is a whore.

818
00:55:31,954 --> 00:55:35,333
Being black here is like
playing Russian Roulette

819
00:55:35,458 --> 00:55:37,084
with six bullets in the gun.

820
00:55:37,210 --> 00:55:39,420
No matter what,
you get fucked over.

821
00:55:42,965 --> 00:55:43,966
Silence!

822
00:55:44,091 --> 00:55:46,093
X was the exception.

823
00:55:46,219 --> 00:55:47,595
Sticking to his claim...

824
00:55:47,720 --> 00:55:49,764
Sticking to his claim

825
00:55:49,889 --> 00:55:53,643
that he was being denied his right
to legal assistance,

826
00:55:53,768 --> 00:55:57,897
he'd wait until Kunstler
had cross-examined a witness

827
00:55:58,022 --> 00:56:01,442
and then he'd stand up
and ask his questions.

828
00:56:01,567 --> 00:56:03,819
The judge would tell him to sit down.

829
00:56:03,945 --> 00:56:07,990
His outbursts would be recorded again
in the transcript of the trial.

830
00:56:08,115 --> 00:56:12,912
At times they'd force him to sit.
At times he wanted it noted down.

831
00:56:13,454 --> 00:56:16,415
He never interrupted the trial
at any other time.

832
00:56:16,540 --> 00:56:19,502
At times Kunstler would interrupt

833
00:56:19,627 --> 00:56:23,756
to remind the judge
that he was not X's lawyer.

834
00:56:23,881 --> 00:56:27,677
Sometimes, as on the morning
of Bobby's birthday,

835
00:56:27,802 --> 00:56:30,054
it was the prosecutor
who started it all.

836
00:56:33,099 --> 00:56:36,269
Since Bobby was in jail
between sessions,

837
00:56:36,394 --> 00:56:38,437
because of that murder trial,

838
00:56:38,562 --> 00:56:41,565
the other defendants
only saw him in court.

839
00:56:41,691 --> 00:56:45,152
So Kunstler asked
the judge's permission

840
00:56:45,278 --> 00:56:50,866
for the other defendants
to bring X a birthday cake in court.

841
00:56:50,992 --> 00:56:55,830
Judge Himmler said he wouldn't let
anyone bring anyone a birthday cake.

842
00:56:55,955 --> 00:56:59,417
The other seven defendants
were waiting just outside the door.

843
00:56:59,542 --> 00:57:01,711
Vladimir carried the cake

844
00:57:01,836 --> 00:57:03,087
as they filed in.

845
00:57:11,804 --> 00:57:15,141
You can imprison a cake,
but not a revolution.

846
00:57:15,266 --> 00:57:17,226
Silence!

847
00:57:17,351 --> 00:57:19,603
OK, brothers, cool it for now.

848
00:57:19,729 --> 00:57:21,731
I give the orders here.

849
00:57:21,856 --> 00:57:24,275
They won't obey a racist judge.

850
00:57:24,400 --> 00:57:26,819
Marshal, give him
the treatment he deserves.

851
00:57:32,742 --> 00:57:38,205
Now for a black screen
while Vladimir and Rosa explain

852
00:57:38,331 --> 00:57:42,668
that Bobby's "legalistic" defence

853
00:57:42,793 --> 00:57:46,630
is a consequence
of his having broken with society.

854
00:57:46,756 --> 00:57:51,010
His co-defendants must adopt,
each in his or her own way,

855
00:57:51,135 --> 00:57:54,096
an "anti-legalistic" defence

856
00:57:54,221 --> 00:57:58,059
in order to join Bobby in his rebellion.

857
00:57:58,559 --> 00:58:01,354
So we decided to show you
an image of a pacifist

858
00:58:01,479 --> 00:58:05,816
breaking with his non-violent ideology

859
00:58:05,941 --> 00:58:09,528
and actually struggling,
instead of maintaining his dignity

860
00:58:09,653 --> 00:58:11,447
whilst getting beaten up by the cops

861
00:58:11,572 --> 00:58:14,200
after he calmly insulted the judge,

862
00:58:14,325 --> 00:58:17,828
protesting against the treatment
Bobby was being given.

863
00:58:18,662 --> 00:58:21,874
This sequence will last
a good ten seconds.

864
00:58:27,838 --> 00:58:31,258
Flouting an enemy flag

865
00:58:31,384 --> 00:58:37,181
is the craziest thing I've ever seen
anybody do in a courtroom.

866
00:58:37,306 --> 00:58:39,475
Marshal, destroy that flag.

867
00:58:39,600 --> 00:58:42,311
Today, on Independence Day,
I request a minute of silence

868
00:58:42,436 --> 00:58:44,647
for those killed in action
in South-East Asia.

869
00:58:44,772 --> 00:58:46,190
I forbid you to speak.

870
00:58:46,315 --> 00:58:50,528
It will be recorded that this man called...

871
00:58:50,653 --> 00:58:51,946
David Dellinger.

872
00:58:52,071 --> 00:58:54,907
I forbid you to finish my sentences.

873
00:58:55,032 --> 00:58:58,661
The prosecution may continue
cross-examining the witness.

874
00:58:59,245 --> 00:59:02,331
Simply tell the court what you saw.

875
00:59:02,456 --> 00:59:06,085
After the order to disperse was given

876
00:59:06,210 --> 00:59:11,215
I saw this man and a group of others
run off, shouting...

877
00:59:11,340 --> 00:59:13,509
- Bullshit.
- "Everybody to the Hilton!"

878
00:59:13,634 --> 00:59:16,887
In all my career I have never heard
such obscenity in court.

879
00:59:17,012 --> 00:59:19,098
You've never been on trial here

880
00:59:19,223 --> 00:59:23,394
and had to listen to liars,
paid by the government, talking crap.

881
00:59:23,519 --> 00:59:26,397
How dare you, Mr Kunstler!
How dare you, Mr Kunstler!

882
00:59:26,522 --> 00:59:29,942
Take the defendant out and give him
the treatment he deserves.

883
00:59:43,581 --> 00:59:48,127
Every evening after the trial

884
00:59:48,252 --> 00:59:53,841
we gave a press conference

885
00:59:53,966 --> 01:00:00,931
since we were all out on bail,

886
01:00:01,056 --> 01:00:02,725
except for Bobby

887
01:00:02,850 --> 01:00:09,023
on account of his murder charge

888
01:00:09,148 --> 01:00:12,193
in Connecticut.

889
01:00:12,318 --> 01:00:16,322
The problem we faced

890
01:00:16,447 --> 01:00:20,868
during each press conference

891
01:00:20,993 --> 01:00:24,038
was this:

892
01:00:24,163 --> 01:00:30,044
while John was telling the reporters

893
01:00:30,169 --> 01:00:33,214
about our daily struggle

894
01:00:33,339 --> 01:00:37,218
against imperialist justice,

895
01:00:37,343 --> 01:00:41,222
Vladimir and Rosa forced...

896
01:00:41,347 --> 01:00:48,187
forced the imperialist television cameras

897
01:00:48,312 --> 01:00:52,733
to shoot Bobby's absence

898
01:00:52,858 --> 01:00:57,905
instead of our presence.

899
01:00:58,906 --> 01:01:01,283
In others words,

900
01:01:01,408 --> 01:01:04,995
they forced the cameras,

901
01:01:06,872 --> 01:01:08,749
the enemy,

902
01:01:08,874 --> 01:01:11,919
to shoot politically

903
01:01:12,044 --> 01:01:14,755
a political fact

904
01:01:14,880 --> 01:01:18,092
that was more important

905
01:01:18,217 --> 01:01:22,471
than the faces of us radicals.

906
01:01:23,597 --> 01:01:26,600
If we fight

907
01:01:26,725 --> 01:01:28,644
all day long

908
01:01:28,769 --> 01:01:31,480
with the police

909
01:01:31,605 --> 01:01:34,900
we must also fight

910
01:01:35,025 --> 01:01:39,488
the police state's press.

911
01:01:39,613 --> 01:01:41,156
It's logical.

912
01:01:51,792 --> 01:01:54,044
Open the sequence.

913
01:01:54,169 --> 01:01:57,840
Before Your Honour entered the court

914
01:01:57,965 --> 01:02:01,135
Bobby X stood up and spoke
to the black people in this room.

915
01:02:01,260 --> 01:02:02,303
You're right.

916
01:02:02,428 --> 01:02:04,138
And Bobby X said to them:

917
01:02:04,263 --> 01:02:08,100
I spoke up for my constitutional rights.

918
01:02:08,225 --> 01:02:10,269
I have a right to defend myself.

919
01:02:10,394 --> 01:02:14,315
And he told the people in court
that he wanted it on the record...

920
01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:17,026
- Objection, Your Honour.
- Objection overruled.

921
01:02:17,151 --> 01:02:19,236
...so they'd know
how to deal with an attack.

922
01:02:19,361 --> 01:02:21,864
He was talking about an attack
carried by them...

923
01:02:21,989 --> 01:02:23,407
Liar.

924
01:02:23,532 --> 01:02:25,159
You filthy liar!

925
01:02:25,284 --> 01:02:27,369
An attack on them, not by them.

926
01:02:27,494 --> 01:02:30,289
An attack by the pigs.

927
01:02:30,414 --> 01:02:32,124
I said fight back.

928
01:02:32,249 --> 01:02:34,585
You're a rotten racist pig.

929
01:02:34,710 --> 01:02:36,378
A fascist liar!

930
01:02:36,503 --> 01:02:37,921
You're a bullshit liar,

931
01:02:38,047 --> 01:02:40,007
a lying fascist pig.

932
01:02:40,132 --> 01:02:44,094
I said they had the right to fight back
if they were attacked.

933
01:02:44,219 --> 01:02:45,888
You're lying.

934
01:02:48,807 --> 01:02:51,560
You're lying. You filthy liar!

935
01:02:51,685 --> 01:02:53,187
An attack on them.

936
01:02:53,312 --> 01:02:55,105
Not by them, on them!

937
01:02:55,230 --> 01:02:57,024
An attack by the pigs!

938
01:02:57,149 --> 01:02:58,942
I told them to defend themselves.

939
01:02:59,068 --> 01:03:01,153
Racist!

940
01:03:01,278 --> 01:03:04,156
You're just a fascist liar.

941
01:03:04,281 --> 01:03:07,743
A liar, a dirty lying fascist pig.

942
01:03:08,494 --> 01:03:10,537
We have a right
to defend ourselves.

943
01:03:10,663 --> 01:03:14,041
If we come under attack
we have a right to fight back.

944
01:03:14,166 --> 01:03:17,878
And I hope that went on the record
and exposes Nixon's prosecutor

945
01:03:18,003 --> 01:03:19,588
for the liar he is.

946
01:03:19,713 --> 01:03:21,382
We have a right to fight back.

947
01:03:21,507 --> 01:03:23,967
If you attack me, I'll fight back.

948
01:03:24,093 --> 01:03:27,680
That is what he said earlier.
He said the exact same thing.

949
01:03:27,805 --> 01:03:28,847
How so?

950
01:03:28,972 --> 01:03:30,808
In terms of a physical attack.

951
01:03:30,933 --> 01:03:34,478
No, an attack
by those damned Marshals, I said!

952
01:03:34,603 --> 01:03:37,940
People have a right to defend
themselves if they're attacked,

953
01:04:12,599 --> 01:04:15,394
SMALL FIGHTS MAKE...
BIG REVOLTS

954
01:04:16,895 --> 01:04:19,481
- Can't I walk if I like?
- Sure.

955
01:04:19,606 --> 01:04:21,400
My moped's broken down.

956
01:04:25,988 --> 01:04:28,532
I've got a crappy moped
and that car's not bad.

957
01:04:28,657 --> 01:04:31,201
- Where did you get it?
- The street behind my house.

958
01:04:36,790 --> 01:04:40,169
Has stealing a car changed you?

959
01:04:40,294 --> 01:04:44,465
Sure, now I can go farther
and come back faster.

960
01:04:46,967 --> 01:04:50,304
I worked in that factory.
For three years.

961
01:04:52,431 --> 01:04:54,892
When I play my music

962
01:04:55,017 --> 01:04:56,685
I feel I'm still working there.

963
01:05:00,314 --> 01:05:05,694
Because it's the only music
made for the people in there.

964
01:05:05,819 --> 01:05:08,489
It's because I worked in there
that I play that music.

965
01:05:10,407 --> 01:05:14,912
I thought they only liked Mireille Mathieu.

966
01:05:15,037 --> 01:05:17,581
They don't give
a damn about pop music.

967
01:05:17,706 --> 01:05:20,000
Yes, right now they don't.

968
01:05:20,125 --> 01:05:23,420
Because these people
every day at the same hour

969
01:05:23,545 --> 01:05:25,756
listen to the radio
and get brainwashed.

970
01:05:28,550 --> 01:05:31,178
Throughout the day all they hear

971
01:05:31,303 --> 01:05:33,347
is the latest bourgeois crap,

972
01:05:33,472 --> 01:05:35,974
the latest bourgeois tunes.

973
01:05:38,602 --> 01:05:41,438
That music doesn't reflect their struggle.

974
01:05:41,563 --> 01:05:45,984
It's dream music
that makes them forget.

975
01:05:46,735 --> 01:05:50,364
It makes them forget that they sit
at their machines all day long,

976
01:05:50,489 --> 01:05:51,490
like jerks.

977
01:05:53,700 --> 01:05:56,787
It talks to them about Ford Mustangs,

978
01:05:56,912 --> 01:05:59,081
about nice neighbourhoods

979
01:06:00,707 --> 01:06:02,918
and heartbreak.

980
01:06:03,043 --> 01:06:04,586
My music isn't about that.

981
01:06:04,711 --> 01:06:07,381
Mine talks about the daily grind
at the factory,

982
01:06:07,506 --> 01:06:11,426
about taking the Metro without paying,
about the cops slugging them,

983
01:06:11,552 --> 01:06:12,719
the way they slug me.

984
01:06:12,845 --> 01:06:16,890
The cops slug me
because I play that music.

985
01:06:17,015 --> 01:06:18,809
And the cops know that.

986
01:06:18,934 --> 01:06:22,104
The contradictions
of rotting capitalism

987
01:06:22,229 --> 01:06:26,441
hit young people
in four areas in particular:

988
01:06:26,567 --> 01:06:29,778
education, work,
conscription and the army,

989
01:06:29,903 --> 01:06:32,030
cops and justice.

990
01:06:32,155 --> 01:06:34,533
First, in prison-like schools

991
01:06:34,658 --> 01:06:39,246
the young are fed
racist, chauvinist,

992
01:06:39,371 --> 01:06:41,623
anti-communist
and anti-working class lies.

993
01:06:41,748 --> 01:06:45,127
The sound I'd like to make
with my guitar is...

994
01:06:45,252 --> 01:06:48,255
one shrill shout,
one big, shrill shout.

995
01:06:48,922 --> 01:06:51,133
A shout, or rather a scream.

996
01:06:51,258 --> 01:06:54,469
It's more than a shout.
"Shout" is too feeble.

997
01:06:55,596 --> 01:07:00,934
It's a scream for all these people
locked up here,

998
01:07:01,059 --> 01:07:07,232
doing slave labour all day long,
because they're people...

999
01:07:07,357 --> 01:07:11,028
What's stopping you
playing that scream?

1000
01:07:11,153 --> 01:07:15,073
You've got the technology
with all those electronic instruments.

1001
01:07:15,198 --> 01:07:17,451
Why don't you do it?

1002
01:07:17,576 --> 01:07:21,413
Because right now
nobody wants to hear that scream.

1003
01:07:21,538 --> 01:07:25,667
Or rather, tons of people
want to hear that scream

1004
01:07:25,792 --> 01:07:28,128
but no one wants them to hear it

1005
01:07:28,253 --> 01:07:30,547
for fear that they all start
screaming in unison.

1006
01:07:30,672 --> 01:07:33,467
Secondly, unemployment
among the young

1007
01:07:33,592 --> 01:07:36,970
is three times the national average.

1008
01:07:37,888 --> 01:07:42,643
With more and more jobs
threatened by automation

1009
01:07:42,768 --> 01:07:45,437
and the specialised industries
in decline,

1010
01:07:45,562 --> 01:07:51,526
the unions act to ensure employment
for those who already have jobs.

1011
01:07:52,486 --> 01:07:57,574
Newcomers to the labour market
can't find work

1012
01:07:57,699 --> 01:08:01,119
so unemployment is on the rise.

1013
01:08:01,244 --> 01:08:03,455
Stepped-up rates of production

1014
01:08:03,580 --> 01:08:08,710
and lowered safety standards
have a similar effect.

1015
01:08:08,835 --> 01:08:11,254
That scream from my guitar,

1016
01:08:11,380 --> 01:08:14,257
I want the people to hear it
first thing in the morning.

1017
01:08:14,383 --> 01:08:18,011
I want it to burn their ears
and be with them all day.

1018
01:08:18,136 --> 01:08:20,389
Why? So they'll have to wake up.

1019
01:08:20,514 --> 01:08:24,851
You can't sleep
with a scream in your ears.

1020
01:08:26,186 --> 01:08:31,108
I want them to hear a scream
in their ears all day long every day.

1021
01:08:31,233 --> 01:08:33,443
- Why?
- So they'll start the revolution.

1022
01:08:33,568 --> 01:08:37,739
On Sunday night he screamed:
"The street belongs to the people."

1023
01:08:37,864 --> 01:08:39,074
And he added,

1024
01:08:39,199 --> 01:08:42,202
- "Let's throw the pigs out!"
- How did the crowd react?

1025
01:08:42,327 --> 01:08:46,456
- They cheered.
- Was vulgar language used?

1026
01:08:46,581 --> 01:08:47,916
Objection, Your Honour.

1027
01:08:48,041 --> 01:08:51,211
The defendant's speech habits
are immaterial.

1028
01:08:51,336 --> 01:08:52,546
It's beside the point.

1029
01:08:52,671 --> 01:08:55,716
My client, Mr Jacky Martin,
is not on trial for bad language.

1030
01:08:55,841 --> 01:08:57,968
Objection overruled.

1031
01:08:58,093 --> 01:09:00,345
It is the point.

1032
01:09:00,470 --> 01:09:01,888
I'm beginning to get it.

1033
01:09:02,681 --> 01:09:05,017
- What did you say?
- I said, I get it.

1034
01:09:05,142 --> 01:09:08,270
The prosecution has the floor, not you.

1035
01:09:08,395 --> 01:09:10,022
OK, I'll shut my gob.

1036
01:09:11,773 --> 01:09:14,026
I would like to cite
a fact from the past

1037
01:09:14,151 --> 01:09:18,030
that may shed some light
on Jacky Martin's morals.

1038
01:09:18,155 --> 01:09:20,574
This man is already known
to the police.

1039
01:09:20,699 --> 01:09:25,037
At the age of 17 he had intercourse
with his sister, aged 15,

1040
01:09:25,162 --> 01:09:27,289
and was sentenced
to seven months in prison.

1041
01:09:27,414 --> 01:09:32,836
The legal-aid lawyer told him
to plead guilty to avoid a worse charge.

1042
01:09:32,961 --> 01:09:35,756
We only had one blanket between us,
that was why.

1043
01:09:35,881 --> 01:09:38,425
And the judge told me
I should kill myself.

1044
01:09:39,384 --> 01:09:41,511
He said beasts
have to be destroyed.

1045
01:09:43,096 --> 01:09:47,184
If the defendant continues
to ignore the court's directives

1046
01:09:47,309 --> 01:09:52,064
he will be found guilty
of contempt of court.

1047
01:09:52,189 --> 01:09:54,608
OK, I'll shut up. I get it.

1048
01:09:56,526 --> 01:09:59,154
OK, I'll shut up. I get it.

1049
01:09:59,279 --> 01:10:02,574
Will you be quiet?
Do you understand French?

1050
01:10:04,493 --> 01:10:06,953
Well? Do you understand French?

1051
01:10:09,289 --> 01:10:11,124
Will you be quiet?

1052
01:10:13,126 --> 01:10:15,378
Will you, yes or no?

1053
01:10:16,922 --> 01:10:18,173
Yes or no?

1054
01:10:18,298 --> 01:10:22,260
Yes, you motherfucking
fascist capitalist bastard!

1055
01:10:29,518 --> 01:10:30,644
For this black passage

1056
01:10:30,769 --> 01:10:33,772
Vladimir and Rosa decided
it would be a good chance

1057
01:10:33,897 --> 01:10:39,277
to pan from Jacky to Bobby
and back again

1058
01:10:40,362 --> 01:10:45,450
It would show the objective links
between the wild revolt of young workers

1059
01:10:45,575 --> 01:10:48,537
and the revolutionary movement
of black people.

1060
01:10:51,289 --> 01:10:54,000
We will later prove
by re-cross-examining this man

1061
01:10:54,126 --> 01:10:58,380
that he incited the crowd
to return to the park and fight the police.

1062
01:10:58,505 --> 01:11:00,257
- What a farce!
- Who said that?

1063
01:11:00,382 --> 01:11:02,300
- I want to know.
- David Dellinger.

1064
01:11:02,425 --> 01:11:05,095
I did. I'm overcome
by the prosecutor's dishonesty.

1065
01:11:05,220 --> 01:11:08,181
- Objection, Your Honour.
- Objection sustained.

1066
01:11:08,306 --> 01:11:12,561
- Himmler, I want to say something.
- "Judge Himmler" to you!

1067
01:11:12,686 --> 01:11:17,941
I forbid you to make a mockery
of this country's laws.

1068
01:11:25,657 --> 01:11:29,452
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1069
01:11:29,578 --> 01:11:33,415
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1070
01:11:35,041 --> 01:11:38,003
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1071
01:11:38,128 --> 01:11:41,339
The girls get him out of the car,
throw him onto an embankment,

1072
01:11:41,464 --> 01:11:45,051
strip him, and jump on top of him,
one after the other.

1073
01:11:46,136 --> 01:11:51,099
They leave him unconscious
from kicks in the stomach.

1074
01:11:51,808 --> 01:11:56,855
It took Angelo two days to recover.
He pointed out...

1075
01:11:59,357 --> 01:12:01,985
Women's Liberation Front, Year Zero!

1076
01:12:02,110 --> 01:12:06,573
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1077
01:12:07,490 --> 01:12:11,244
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1078
01:12:12,579 --> 01:12:16,458
Stop, sir, stop!
I'll talk about violence.

1079
01:12:17,375 --> 01:12:20,879
We in the movement feel
that there are only two choices.

1080
01:12:21,755 --> 01:12:25,300
Either we become soldiers
in the revolutionary war

1081
01:12:25,425 --> 01:12:28,011
or we sink into our bourgeois holes

1082
01:12:28,136 --> 01:12:30,263
and become anti-communist pigs.

1083
01:12:31,056 --> 01:12:35,769
Young people have
the greatest revolutionary potential

1084
01:12:35,894 --> 01:12:39,314
because their privileges
have not been institutionalised

1085
01:12:39,439 --> 01:12:45,070
and they are the most alienated sector
of the western white working classes.

1086
01:12:45,195 --> 01:12:49,616
Words alone will not transform
lefties into revolutionaries.

1087
01:12:49,741 --> 01:12:53,119
Only actions plus words can do it.

1088
01:12:53,245 --> 01:12:54,829
And this alone is not enough

1089
01:12:54,955 --> 01:13:00,043
since a young white person can always
crawl back into their bourgeois hole.

1090
01:13:00,919 --> 01:13:04,422
Always, unless they become
totally immersed in the revolution,

1091
01:13:04,547 --> 01:13:07,676
not only in terms of their ideas,
but also in their way of life.

1092
01:13:07,801 --> 01:13:08,802
Hello?

1093
01:13:10,679 --> 01:13:14,391
Is this El Al airlines?

1094
01:13:16,226 --> 01:13:17,769
Good afternoon.

1095
01:13:18,937 --> 01:13:20,689
In your opinion

1096
01:13:20,814 --> 01:13:23,984
what goes tick-tock,

1097
01:13:25,110 --> 01:13:27,529
weighs two kilos

1098
01:13:28,488 --> 01:13:31,408
and is flying at this very moment

1099
01:13:31,533 --> 01:13:35,620
from Tel Aviv to Washington?

1100
01:13:37,330 --> 01:13:42,377
Right now the armed struggle
is becoming more and more generalised,

1101
01:13:42,502 --> 01:13:47,465
not just with acts of sabotage
but with overt attacks

1102
01:13:47,590 --> 01:13:53,263
on all the forces of imperialism,
whatever and wherever they may be.

1103
01:13:53,388 --> 01:13:57,100
Fine, we're all lumpen, it's true,

1104
01:13:57,892 --> 01:14:00,020
from the lumpenproletariat

1105
01:14:00,145 --> 01:14:02,564
which has no vested interest
in means of production

1106
01:14:02,689 --> 01:14:05,275
and capitalist institutions.

1107
01:14:06,401 --> 01:14:10,322
There is no security in their links
with these means of production

1108
01:14:10,447 --> 01:14:12,574
and these institutions.

1109
01:14:12,699 --> 01:14:16,202
The lumpenproletariat forms
a reserve labour corps

1110
01:14:16,328 --> 01:14:17,871
which remains in reserve.

1111
01:14:18,872 --> 01:14:22,584
They have never worked,
and they never will.

1112
01:14:24,252 --> 01:14:27,839
They have no qualifications
and no aptitudes.

1113
01:14:29,174 --> 01:14:33,845
They have been replaced by machines,
automation and cybernetics.

1114
01:14:34,846 --> 01:14:40,060
Management refuses to invest in them
by training them in the new technology.

1115
01:14:40,185 --> 01:14:44,022
They live on welfare benefits
and social security.

1116
01:14:44,147 --> 01:14:46,816
Is agitation difficult? No.

1117
01:14:46,941 --> 01:14:49,944
Just print clear tracts
which are right on target,

1118
01:14:50,070 --> 01:14:51,696
posters you can stick anywhere.

1119
01:14:53,281 --> 01:14:57,202
But when it comes to distributing them,
you need the wiles of war.

1120
01:14:57,327 --> 01:14:58,787
Turn up at workshops.

1121
01:14:58,912 --> 01:15:00,997
Wait for the boss to turn his back.

1122
01:15:01,122 --> 01:15:02,499
If he never turns his back,

1123
01:15:02,624 --> 01:15:06,961
back him up against the wall
so you can agitate freely.

1124
01:15:07,087 --> 01:15:10,340
It's not hard, it just takes
a little daring and solidarity.

1125
01:15:10,465 --> 01:15:12,509
In an automated economy

1126
01:15:12,634 --> 01:15:16,846
you cannot ascribe
the high level of production

1127
01:15:16,971 --> 01:15:19,307
to the working classes alone.

1128
01:15:19,432 --> 01:15:22,894
Machines and computers are not
members of the working classes,

1129
01:15:23,853 --> 01:15:29,067
even if working-class spokespeople,
especially Marxist-Leninists,

1130
01:15:29,192 --> 01:15:33,405
seem to act
like machines or computers.

1131
01:15:34,447 --> 01:15:38,785
What's the use of discussing at length
a workshop's aims and objectives?

1132
01:15:38,910 --> 01:15:40,412
Do not focus on the future.

1133
01:15:40,537 --> 01:15:43,998
Only discussion
based on practice is useful,

1134
01:15:44,124 --> 01:15:46,668
or uniting around ways
of standing up to the bosses.

1135
01:15:47,502 --> 01:15:50,672
That's how you start to organise.
It's easy.

1136
01:15:51,131 --> 01:15:54,801
The lumpenproletariat must create
their own rebel forces

1137
01:15:54,926 --> 01:15:57,303
in accordance
with their living conditions

1138
01:15:57,429 --> 01:15:59,139
and their own links

1139
01:15:59,264 --> 01:16:02,725
with modes of production
and social institutions.

1140
01:16:02,851 --> 01:16:06,646
They must attack all the structures
surrounding them,

1141
01:16:06,771 --> 01:16:08,982
including the right wing
of their own class

1142
01:16:09,107 --> 01:16:12,444
when it tries to bar
the road to revolution.

1143
01:16:12,569 --> 01:16:16,406
Mr Kunstler, you may
cross-examine the witness.

1144
01:16:16,531 --> 01:16:19,951
This witness' testimony
concerns only Bobby X

1145
01:16:20,076 --> 01:16:21,953
and I am not his lawyer.

1146
01:16:22,078 --> 01:16:23,955
I'd like to cross-examine the witness.

1147
01:16:24,080 --> 01:16:27,292
You can't. That's been settled. Sit down.

1148
01:16:27,417 --> 01:16:28,626
Why did you follow me?

1149
01:16:28,751 --> 01:16:30,879
- Have you ever tried...
- Sit down, nigger!

1150
01:16:31,004 --> 01:16:33,506
...to infiltrate the Black Panthers?

1151
01:16:33,631 --> 01:16:35,967
Have you ever killed a Black Panther?

1152
01:16:36,092 --> 01:16:39,262
This court adjudges Bobby X guilty

1153
01:16:39,387 --> 01:16:43,057
of contempt of court

1154
01:16:43,183 --> 01:16:47,562
in sequences 7, 9 and 13

1155
01:16:47,687 --> 01:16:50,273
and sentences him immediately

1156
01:16:50,398 --> 01:16:54,903
to 15 months in prison
for each instance

1157
01:16:55,028 --> 01:16:58,281
with each sentence
to run consecutively.

1158
01:16:59,866 --> 01:17:02,994
Moreover, Bobby X's trial

1159
01:17:03,119 --> 01:17:07,624
for conspiracy against state security,

1160
01:17:07,749 --> 01:17:09,918
against state security,

1161
01:17:10,043 --> 01:17:13,713
will be heard separately
from that of his co-defendants.

1162
01:17:13,838 --> 01:17:15,298
Objection, Your Honour.

1163
01:17:15,423 --> 01:17:18,176
It was an insult
to defence and counsel

1164
01:17:18,301 --> 01:17:20,762
to read that sentence so theatrically.

1165
01:17:20,887 --> 01:17:23,890
I speak with the voice God gave me.

1166
01:17:24,015 --> 01:17:27,310
Palestinians hijack planes
that were not given to them by God.

1167
01:17:34,317 --> 01:17:36,945
What does this black section represent?

1168
01:17:37,070 --> 01:17:41,950
We just had a shot of John Kunstler
refusing to represent Bobby

1169
01:17:42,075 --> 01:17:45,411
and then one of the judge
banishing Bobby

1170
01:17:45,537 --> 01:17:47,997
for alleged contempt of court.

1171
01:17:48,122 --> 01:17:52,627
This black section represents
the disappearance of Bobby,

1172
01:17:52,752 --> 01:17:54,629
the black radical.

1173
01:17:54,754 --> 01:17:58,716
So for once this black screen
really means something.

1174
01:17:58,841 --> 01:18:01,469
It represents Bobby's absence.

1175
01:18:01,594 --> 01:18:06,808
For us, Vladimir and Rosa,
it's a great victory in filmmaking.

1176
01:18:06,933 --> 01:18:10,770
We've been trotting out
these black frames...

1177
01:18:10,895 --> 01:18:14,190
We've been trotting out
these black frames for ages...

1178
01:18:14,315 --> 01:18:17,902
May 1968 was a bit like
a gun without bullets

1179
01:18:18,027 --> 01:18:20,738
or a bladeless knife
without a handle.

1180
01:18:22,073 --> 01:18:29,038
At first, these black frames
were shots we couldn't shoot.

1181
01:18:29,163 --> 01:18:32,834
We were told
that the images belonged to CBS

1182
01:18:32,959 --> 01:18:35,670
or that the images
belonged to Gaumont

1183
01:18:35,795 --> 01:18:37,589
and we couldn't afford them

1184
01:18:37,714 --> 01:18:39,924
so we'd leave the screen black instead.

1185
01:18:40,049 --> 01:18:42,677
Then we realised
that those black frames

1186
01:18:42,802 --> 01:18:45,221
were shots we didn't know
how to shoot,

1187
01:18:45,346 --> 01:18:50,893
shots of bourgeois ideology
and imperialism

1188
01:18:51,019 --> 01:18:52,729
and they weren't even black.

1189
01:18:52,854 --> 01:18:58,401
They were coloured
like in any James Bond movie

1190
01:18:58,526 --> 01:19:00,862
or in westerns.

1191
01:19:00,987 --> 01:19:03,114
So we started
looking for black images,

1192
01:19:03,239 --> 01:19:07,201
in other words, images
of the production process,

1193
01:19:07,327 --> 01:19:11,789
images that defined that process.

1194
01:19:11,914 --> 01:19:15,126
The main difficulty
was going from black

1195
01:19:15,251 --> 01:19:17,670
to showing other colours
that didn't feature

1196
01:19:17,795 --> 01:19:22,425
in bourgeois and imperialist films.

1197
01:19:23,468 --> 01:19:25,303
And so now,

1198
01:19:25,428 --> 01:19:28,514
after shots of Yves or of the jury,

1199
01:19:28,640 --> 01:19:30,642
of Vladimir and Rosa or Juliet,

1200
01:19:30,767 --> 01:19:33,978
this black shot indicating
that Bobby is gone

1201
01:19:34,103 --> 01:19:37,523
at last has meaning,
so it's a victory.

1202
01:19:37,649 --> 01:19:41,027
A real victory,
not like Proust's pyrrhic victory

1203
01:19:41,152 --> 01:19:43,196
but more, "Until victory, always,"

1204
01:19:43,321 --> 01:19:47,784
with the Palestinians
and all the rebels in the world.

1205
01:19:47,909 --> 01:19:50,578
Your Honour, this has been rigged
by the government.

1206
01:19:50,703 --> 01:19:55,083
I won't tolerate insults
to the government in this court.

1207
01:19:55,208 --> 01:19:58,002
Be careful, Mr Kunstler.

1208
01:19:58,127 --> 01:20:00,755
Let a committee of two
look into the matter,

1209
01:20:00,880 --> 01:20:04,258
one chosen by the government,
the other by the defence.

1210
01:20:04,384 --> 01:20:05,927
I'm in charge here

1211
01:20:06,052 --> 01:20:09,555
and I'm quite capable
of making my own enquiries.

1212
01:20:09,681 --> 01:20:11,140
Miss Russel.

1213
01:20:11,265 --> 01:20:14,519
What's in this letter?

1214
01:20:16,187 --> 01:20:19,774
"Look out, we're watching you,"
signed by the Black Panthers.

1215
01:20:19,899 --> 01:20:22,902
Have you ever seen this letter before?

1216
01:20:23,027 --> 01:20:24,028
No, never.

1217
01:20:24,153 --> 01:20:28,282
Now that you have seen it,
tell me, child,

1218
01:20:28,408 --> 01:20:31,452
- can you still keep an open mind?
- No, sir, I cannot.

1219
01:20:31,577 --> 01:20:33,287
Objection, Your Honour.

1220
01:20:33,413 --> 01:20:35,832
The juror had never seen
the letter before.

1221
01:20:35,957 --> 01:20:37,917
It was Your Honour
who showed it to her

1222
01:20:38,042 --> 01:20:41,045
and led her to say
that she is no longer impartial.

1223
01:20:41,170 --> 01:20:42,422
Objection overruled.

1224
01:20:42,547 --> 01:20:44,757
As usual, Your Dishonour.

1225
01:20:44,882 --> 01:20:46,509
What? What was that?

1226
01:20:46,634 --> 01:20:48,136
What? What?

1227
01:20:48,261 --> 01:20:49,554
What?

1228
01:20:51,097 --> 01:20:54,600
I said, the defence's objection
is being overruled as usual,

1229
01:20:54,726 --> 01:20:55,810
Your Dishonour.

1230
01:20:55,935 --> 01:20:59,439
This is becoming intolerable,
Mr Kunstler,

1231
01:20:59,564 --> 01:21:01,399
is it not?

1232
01:21:01,524 --> 01:21:03,985
I suggest the jury be tested

1233
01:21:04,110 --> 01:21:06,904
to see if they have been affected
by recent events

1234
01:21:07,029 --> 01:21:09,282
or by the court's crazy antics.

1235
01:21:09,407 --> 01:21:11,909
- This is the last time.
- Objection, Your Honour.

1236
01:21:12,034 --> 01:21:16,581
The rudeness of the defence
is unprecedented.

1237
01:21:16,706 --> 01:21:20,126
My methods are identical
to those of the prosecution.

1238
01:21:20,251 --> 01:21:22,086
You leftist poof of a lawyer!

1239
01:21:22,211 --> 01:21:24,172
- Silence in court!
- You commie!

1240
01:21:24,297 --> 01:21:25,298
Silence!

1241
01:21:26,174 --> 01:21:29,302
The defence's request is rejected

1242
01:21:29,427 --> 01:21:33,639
because it was not properly stated.

1243
01:21:33,765 --> 01:21:37,310
May I repeat it more properly,
Your Honour?

1244
01:21:37,435 --> 01:21:40,021
No, a thousand times no!

1245
01:21:40,146 --> 01:21:45,276
Don't try to outsmart me, Mr Kunstler.

1246
01:21:46,152 --> 01:21:47,820
Let's get back to it.

1247
01:21:47,945 --> 01:21:49,447
What is a riot?

1248
01:21:49,572 --> 01:21:52,283
According to the law of 1 May 1968

1249
01:21:52,408 --> 01:21:54,952
it's a public disorder
involving acts of violence

1250
01:21:55,077 --> 01:21:57,205
perpetrated by three or more persons.

1251
01:21:57,330 --> 01:22:02,585
Any one of the three can commit the act,
so long as they are all together.

1252
01:22:02,710 --> 01:22:04,754
Say there are three people lying in bed

1253
01:22:04,879 --> 01:22:07,465
and another comes and drops
an ashtray out of a window.

1254
01:22:07,590 --> 01:22:09,425
Legally, it's a riot.

1255
01:22:09,550 --> 01:22:13,221
There's also a definition
of violence here.

1256
01:22:13,346 --> 01:22:17,934
It can be aimed at property,
not just a person.

1257
01:22:18,059 --> 01:22:20,770
Three kids slashing a tyre, that's a riot.

1258
01:22:20,895 --> 01:22:24,732
To put it another way,
police officers have testified

1259
01:22:24,857 --> 01:22:27,276
that when Yves Alfonso
was taken to the car

1260
01:22:27,401 --> 01:22:29,028
the tyres were already slashed

1261
01:22:29,153 --> 01:22:31,781
and cross-examination
has shown who did it.

1262
01:22:31,906 --> 01:22:33,658
So we can reverse the accusation

1263
01:22:33,783 --> 01:22:37,787
and find the city police guilty of rioting
and not Yves Alfonso.

1264
01:22:37,912 --> 01:22:40,331
There are more than three of us
in this room

1265
01:22:40,456 --> 01:22:42,208
so this session is a riot too,

1266
01:22:42,333 --> 01:22:45,294
and as you yourself said,
you're in charge of it, Your Honour.

1267
01:22:45,419 --> 01:22:48,631
Do you wish to call
any more witnesses, Mr Kunstler?

1268
01:22:48,756 --> 01:22:52,510
- Yes, Your Honour.
- Then be quick about it.

1269
01:22:52,635 --> 01:22:55,513
Let's not waste time.
The holidays are approaching.

1270
01:22:55,638 --> 01:22:57,306
Your Honour deserves a holiday.

1271
01:23:08,442 --> 01:23:13,531
My last witness
is Judge Ernest Adolf Himmler,

1272
01:23:13,656 --> 01:23:17,910
Senior Presiding Judge
of the Chicago Courthouse,

1273
01:23:18,035 --> 01:23:20,162
appointed by the government

1274
01:23:20,288 --> 01:23:24,166
to stage the trial
of the so-called Conspiracy...

1275
01:23:27,962 --> 01:23:30,715
Eight, now...

1276
01:23:30,840 --> 01:23:32,300
eight minus one.

1277
01:23:40,141 --> 01:23:42,059
Why did the witness in sequence three

1278
01:23:42,184 --> 01:23:44,604
declare something to be clear
when it was not clear?

1279
01:23:44,729 --> 01:23:46,355
Objection, Your Honour.

1280
01:23:47,273 --> 01:23:49,108
Sustained.

1281
01:23:50,443 --> 01:23:54,864
Now, Your Honour,
should I answer that question?

1282
01:23:54,989 --> 01:23:59,035
No, honourable witness,
you need not answer the question.

1283
01:23:59,160 --> 01:24:03,247
In sequence seven a motion
by the defence was rejected

1284
01:24:03,372 --> 01:24:06,584
because counsel had not given
the required four hours' notice.

1285
01:24:06,709 --> 01:24:10,630
Two minutes later a motion
for the prosecution was agreed.

1286
01:24:10,755 --> 01:24:12,548
Why? Why?

1287
01:24:12,673 --> 01:24:14,050
Objection, Your Honour.

1288
01:24:14,175 --> 01:24:16,093
Objection sustained.

1289
01:24:16,218 --> 01:24:18,387
Must I answer the question?

1290
01:24:18,512 --> 01:24:23,434
No, honourable witness,
you needn't respond to the question.

1291
01:24:29,148 --> 01:24:31,233
I have been here
for four and a half months,

1292
01:24:31,359 --> 01:24:34,195
watching Your Dishonour
accept or refuse objections

1293
01:24:34,320 --> 01:24:36,405
like an old monkey with peanuts.

1294
01:24:36,530 --> 01:24:39,659
I now know that this is a fascist trial.

1295
01:24:39,784 --> 01:24:42,036
FRIEDRICH ENGELS
THE ROLE OF FORCE IN HISTORY

1296
01:24:42,161 --> 01:24:43,996
I say this from the bottom of my heart,

1297
01:24:44,121 --> 01:24:47,041
even if it means
I am to be disbarred and jailed,

1298
01:24:47,166 --> 01:24:51,629
for I know of no better reason
to be disbarred and jailed.

1299
01:24:52,546 --> 01:24:53,547
Right.

1300
01:24:55,967 --> 01:24:56,968
Right.

1301
01:24:57,885 --> 01:25:00,721
The country's future
and the solution to its problems

1302
01:25:00,846 --> 01:25:04,642
must no longer depend on the interests
of a handful of billionaires

1303
01:25:04,767 --> 01:25:07,478
or their coldly calculated profits.

1304
01:25:07,603 --> 01:25:09,647
THE BOSS CAN PAY!

1305
01:25:09,772 --> 01:25:11,107
Right.

1306
01:25:12,316 --> 01:25:13,317
Right.

1307
01:25:14,276 --> 01:25:18,239
There is no justice in this courtroom.
This trial is meaningless.

1308
01:25:18,364 --> 01:25:22,076
Jailing these people
is a legal lynching.

1309
01:25:22,952 --> 01:25:26,497
The Declaration of Human Rights says

1310
01:25:26,622 --> 01:25:28,958
that if a government violates
people's rights

1311
01:25:29,083 --> 01:25:31,585
insurrection is a sacred right,

1312
01:25:31,711 --> 01:25:34,088
indeed it is an obligation.

1313
01:25:34,213 --> 01:25:36,716
When an individual
seizes absolute power

1314
01:25:36,841 --> 01:25:39,176
they must be put to death by free men.

1315
01:25:40,011 --> 01:25:43,889
We are free since we nothing to lose
but the chains you have laden us with.

1316
01:25:44,015 --> 01:25:46,475
As free men, we sentence you to death.

1317
01:25:51,981 --> 01:25:55,443
The court instructs the jury
when deliberating its verdict

1318
01:25:55,568 --> 01:25:59,405
not to be influenced
by any personal hostility

1319
01:25:59,530 --> 01:26:04,243
it may feel towards
the defendants' long hair,

1320
01:26:04,368 --> 01:26:05,870
their weird clothes,

1321
01:26:05,995 --> 01:26:08,289
their wild manners,

1322
01:26:08,414 --> 01:26:12,293
their political convictions
or their inflamed speeches.

1323
01:26:12,418 --> 01:26:14,378
May God assist you.

1324
01:26:18,132 --> 01:26:21,552
Hitler may have been right:

1325
01:26:21,677 --> 01:26:27,016
in our society
wild beasts should be destroyed.

1326
01:26:29,226 --> 01:26:32,354
Comrades and friends
in the audience,

1327
01:26:32,480 --> 01:26:36,984
in a few minutes
the verdict will be given.

1328
01:26:37,109 --> 01:26:40,196
We know in advance
what it will be

1329
01:26:40,321 --> 01:26:43,199
since one of our jobs as radicals

1330
01:26:43,324 --> 01:26:46,660
is to analyse in the present

1331
01:26:46,786 --> 01:26:48,788
what happened in the past

1332
01:26:48,913 --> 01:26:52,166
so as to know
what will happen in the future

1333
01:26:52,291 --> 01:26:57,379
and thus to know how to act
tomorrow and the day after.

1334
01:26:57,505 --> 01:27:00,049
Our comrade Bobby X

1335
01:27:00,174 --> 01:27:02,927
is going to read out the sentences

1336
01:27:03,052 --> 01:27:08,015
and then draw his own conclusions
from the trial.

1337
01:27:08,140 --> 01:27:11,769
On the charge of conspiracy,
the Chicago Eight: not guilty.

1338
01:27:11,894 --> 01:27:15,815
On the charge of violating
paragraph 8 of decree number 14

1339
01:27:15,940 --> 01:27:18,734
of the law dated 1 1 June 1969,

1340
01:27:18,859 --> 01:27:22,404
a paragraph also known
as the Patrice Lumumba amendment

1341
01:27:22,530 --> 01:27:26,534
which bans crossing a state line
with the intent

1342
01:27:26,659 --> 01:27:30,746
or the intent to have the intent,
to incite a riot,

1343
01:27:30,871 --> 01:27:35,459
Anne Wiazemsky
and Jacky Martin: not guilty.

1344
01:27:35,584 --> 01:27:39,839
Friedrich Vladimir, Karl Rosa,
David Dellinger,

1345
01:27:39,964 --> 01:27:43,926
Juliet Berto, Yves Afonso
and myself, Bobby X:

1346
01:27:44,051 --> 01:27:45,052
guilty.

1347
01:27:45,719 --> 01:27:48,347
The maximum sentence
for the Patrice Lumumba amendment

1348
01:27:48,472 --> 01:27:51,058
is five years and $10,000.

1349
01:27:51,183 --> 01:27:55,187
Judge Himmler is too weak
to be too hard on us.

1350
01:27:55,312 --> 01:27:58,482
He'll give us five years
and maybe $5,000.

1351
01:27:58,607 --> 01:28:01,819
In addition, for contempt of court,

1352
01:28:01,944 --> 01:28:04,697
the defendants
will be sentenced as follows.

1353
01:28:04,822 --> 01:28:07,241
Yves Afonso: one year,

1354
01:28:07,366 --> 01:28:10,119
two months, 14 days

1355
01:28:10,244 --> 01:28:12,163
1 1 counts.

1356
01:28:12,288 --> 01:28:13,998
Anne Wiazemsky:

1357
01:28:14,123 --> 01:28:17,668
nine months, 17 days, 23 counts.

1358
01:28:17,793 --> 01:28:21,213
David Dellinger:
two years, five months,

1359
01:28:21,338 --> 01:28:23,465
five days, 14 counts.

1360
01:28:24,592 --> 01:28:30,222
Juliet Berto: two years,
one month, 18 days, 32 counts.

1361
01:28:30,347 --> 01:28:36,228
Jacky Martin: one year,
eight months, four days, 17 counts.

1362
01:28:37,563 --> 01:28:39,773
Friedrich Vladimir:

1363
01:28:39,899 --> 01:28:45,196
two years, six months
three days, 57 counts.

1364
01:28:45,321 --> 01:28:51,493
Karl Rosa: two years,
two months, 16 days, 62 counts.

1365
01:28:52,536 --> 01:28:54,246
John Kunstler:

1366
01:28:54,371 --> 01:28:58,209
four years, 13 days, 47 counts.

1367
01:28:58,918 --> 01:29:04,965
I, Bobby X: four years,
18 days, 237 counts.

1368
01:29:06,842 --> 01:29:09,303
The bourgeoisie would have us believe

1369
01:29:09,428 --> 01:29:15,434
that only hoodlums and gangsters
use certain methods to free themselves,

1370
01:29:15,559 --> 01:29:19,188
but the bourgeoisie reserves
the "right" to use force.

1371
01:29:20,272 --> 01:29:24,735
If anyone else uses force
to preserve his or her dignity,

1372
01:29:25,903 --> 01:29:30,366
they are immediately vilified
by the mass media

1373
01:29:30,491 --> 01:29:33,327
who are under bourgeois control.

1374
01:29:34,119 --> 01:29:37,623
The Black Panther party
is going to send a letter

1375
01:29:37,748 --> 01:29:39,541
to the Supreme Court,

1376
01:29:41,085 --> 01:29:43,754
the gist of which will revolve
around the fact

1377
01:29:43,879 --> 01:29:46,465
that the death penalty
is applied only to the poor

1378
01:29:46,590 --> 01:29:47,925
and to people of colour.

1379
01:29:48,425 --> 01:29:53,264
This is very apparent on death row
where they await the electric chair.

1380
01:29:53,389 --> 01:29:56,892
There, the cells are occupied
solely by poor white people,

1381
01:29:57,017 --> 01:30:00,896
black people, Arabs
and other people of colour.

1382
01:30:01,897 --> 01:30:05,192
The death penalty is a class weapon.

1383
01:30:05,317 --> 01:30:09,113
It's high time someone stepped in
between the people

1384
01:30:09,238 --> 01:30:11,031
and the bloodthirsty madmen.

1385
01:30:12,074 --> 01:30:16,620
We regard the judicial system
not only as a corrupt institution

1386
01:30:16,745 --> 01:30:20,082
preserving the interests
and power of the bourgeoisie

1387
01:30:20,207 --> 01:30:24,545
but also as a gimmick
in the hands of treacherous murderers.

1388
01:30:25,963 --> 01:30:29,008
Since the police are agents
of the bourgeoisie

1389
01:30:29,133 --> 01:30:30,801
and the big bosses

1390
01:30:30,926 --> 01:30:32,511
it is now clear that,

1391
01:30:32,636 --> 01:30:34,805
in order to combat the power structure,

1392
01:30:35,347 --> 01:30:40,436
we must lead a daily combat
against the ordinary policeman

1393
01:30:40,561 --> 01:30:44,231
for he is the foot soldier
of the bourgeoisie,

1394
01:30:44,356 --> 01:30:46,483
just like the Vietnamese,

1395
01:30:46,608 --> 01:30:49,278
in order to defeat
US imperialism in general,

1396
01:30:49,403 --> 01:30:52,573
must fight each GI separately.

1397
01:30:53,532 --> 01:30:58,454
Similarly, students must fight
ordinary lecturers

1398
01:30:58,579 --> 01:31:01,457
who are also foot soldiers
of imperialism.

1399
01:31:01,582 --> 01:31:04,376
Ours is a vanguard party

1400
01:31:04,501 --> 01:31:09,715
but for it to be strong
the masses must have confidence in it.

1401
01:31:09,840 --> 01:31:12,092
We are going to make shoes.

1402
01:31:12,217 --> 01:31:18,140
I've noticed that many prison inmates
become skilled at shoe-making.

1403
01:31:19,183 --> 01:31:20,726
All kinds of shoes.

1404
01:31:20,851 --> 01:31:24,396
They are worn by inmates

1405
01:31:24,521 --> 01:31:27,691
and also sold to government agencies.

1406
01:31:28,233 --> 01:31:32,363
Inmates are paid two centimes an hour.

1407
01:31:32,488 --> 01:31:33,530
Right.

1408
01:31:33,655 --> 01:31:36,950
Now we're going to make shoes
for our people.

1409
01:31:37,076 --> 01:31:40,204
Most of our children still go barefoot

1410
01:31:40,329 --> 01:31:43,207
in Harlem, Watts and Philadelphia.

1411
01:31:44,458 --> 01:31:48,170
We want to put an end
to the class system

1412
01:31:48,295 --> 01:31:52,091
and to the privileges
enjoyed by the few.

1413
01:31:52,216 --> 01:31:58,138
This does not mean putting an end
to cultural differences.

1414
01:31:58,263 --> 01:32:01,058
We believe that the union
of different cultures

1415
01:32:01,183 --> 01:32:04,978
can be as beautiful
as a bouquet of flowers.

1416
01:32:05,104 --> 01:32:10,984
This vision is essential
if the world is to be a better place

1417
01:32:11,110 --> 01:32:13,404
than it is now.

1418
01:32:13,529 --> 01:32:14,738
Comrades!

1419
01:32:15,989 --> 01:32:18,158
Comrades!
We are all in a state of revolt.

1420
01:32:18,992 --> 01:32:20,661
Against the bourgeoisie.

1421
01:32:21,745 --> 01:32:25,582
The distinction between ordinary
and political prisoners is artificial.

1422
01:32:26,375 --> 01:32:28,585
It is meant to divide us.

1423
01:32:29,294 --> 01:32:32,464
They don't want us
to communicate with you.

1424
01:32:32,589 --> 01:32:36,718
But bars cannot prevent
revolutionary ideas.

1425
01:32:37,678 --> 01:32:40,389
Why are you in prison, comrades?

1426
01:32:41,223 --> 01:32:45,727
Because you refused
to work for the bourgeoisie.

1427
01:32:45,853 --> 01:32:48,605
Because you didn't want
to be exploited,

1428
01:32:48,730 --> 01:32:51,859
you didn't want to work
for starvation wages

1429
01:32:51,984 --> 01:32:55,946
while the boss lined his pockets
at your expense.

1430
01:32:57,448 --> 01:33:02,494
Why kill yourselves for companies
like Ford, Mercedes and Renault?

1431
01:33:02,619 --> 01:33:06,457
You preferred to steal
from the bourgeoisie.

1432
01:33:06,582 --> 01:33:08,792
You were right, comrades.

1433
01:33:08,917 --> 01:33:10,002
You were right.

1434
01:33:10,127 --> 01:33:12,421
It's always right to rebel.

1435
01:33:12,546 --> 01:33:16,216
It's always right to rebel
against the powers of the bourgeoisie.

1436
01:33:16,341 --> 01:33:18,844
You were right, in a way.

1437
01:33:18,969 --> 01:33:21,555
But you have to understand, comrades.

1438
01:33:21,680 --> 01:33:23,182
You have to understand.

1439
01:33:24,057 --> 01:33:28,187
Trying to find a place in the sun
for yourself

1440
01:33:28,312 --> 01:33:30,981
doesn't change much in the long run.

1441
01:33:31,106 --> 01:33:33,650
One petty theft, two break-ins,

1442
01:33:33,775 --> 01:33:37,070
three hold-ups, four bank robberies
and five murders

1443
01:33:37,196 --> 01:33:40,240
won't stop the bourgeoisie
from exploiting us.

1444
01:33:41,533 --> 01:33:43,327
Comrades, we must unite.

1445
01:33:43,452 --> 01:33:45,704
That day, in Argenteuil,
the rebellion began.

1446
01:33:45,829 --> 01:33:48,957
Next came revolts in Ivry,
Bagneux, Maxéville and Seyssinet.

1447
01:33:49,583 --> 01:33:53,879
The workers and the poor farmers
must unite,

1448
01:33:54,004 --> 01:33:57,007
bar workers and small employees,

1449
01:33:57,132 --> 01:33:59,551
taxi drivers and students.

1450
01:33:59,676 --> 01:34:02,137
They must unite with you inmates

1451
01:34:02,262 --> 01:34:05,182
and you must unite with them.

1452
01:34:05,307 --> 01:34:07,059
We must all unite now,

1453
01:34:07,184 --> 01:34:09,978
right here in this prison.

1454
01:34:11,522 --> 01:34:13,106
We must unite.

1455
01:34:13,232 --> 01:34:16,026
Tonight, when you go back to your cells.

1456
01:34:16,151 --> 01:34:19,446
Comrades, you're fed up with this life.

1457
01:34:20,239 --> 01:34:22,115
So are we.

1458
01:34:22,241 --> 01:34:24,243
So let's unite.

1459
01:34:25,369 --> 01:34:27,579
Let's unite and rebel.

1460
01:34:27,704 --> 01:34:29,831
Right here, now,

1461
01:34:29,957 --> 01:34:32,501
in this prison, in our cells, in the yard.

1462
01:34:32,626 --> 01:34:33,877
Let's begin.

1463
01:34:40,133 --> 01:34:42,469
Let's begin right here and now,

1464
01:34:42,594 --> 01:34:45,305
in our cells, in the canteen, in the yard.

1465
01:34:45,430 --> 01:34:47,849
For example,
when you go back in a while

1466
01:34:47,975 --> 01:34:50,894
to, I don't know,
making light-bulb filaments

1467
01:34:51,019 --> 01:34:54,106
or when you go back
to fixing bicycle handlebars

1468
01:34:54,231 --> 01:34:57,484
for seven francs a day,
demand the union rate.

1469
01:34:57,609 --> 01:35:02,447
That should bring down profits
for Peugeot and Philips.

1470
01:35:02,573 --> 01:35:04,241
Comrades,

1471
01:35:04,366 --> 01:35:08,287
delinquency leads to revolution

1472
01:35:08,412 --> 01:35:10,706
provided you manage
to leave it behind.

1473
01:35:12,082 --> 01:35:15,711
Comrades, this prison is yours
as much as it is theirs.

1474
01:35:17,129 --> 01:35:20,382
Comrades and friends,
this call to resistance

1475
01:35:20,507 --> 01:35:24,177
must not make us forget
that class differences...

1476
01:35:24,303 --> 01:35:28,307
Conclusions come at the end
of an investigation, not at the start.

1477
01:35:28,432 --> 01:35:30,767
The only way
to get to the bottom of a situation

1478
01:35:30,892 --> 01:35:35,981
is to investigate society
and the reality of class differences.

1479
01:35:36,106 --> 01:35:41,069
Those in charge
should devote themselves

1480
01:35:41,194 --> 01:35:42,904
to a few towns or villages,

1481
01:35:43,030 --> 01:35:46,867
carrying out detailed investigations

1482
01:35:46,992 --> 01:35:49,703
from the basic Marxist point of view

1483
01:35:49,828 --> 01:35:52,205
of class analysis.

1484
01:35:52,331 --> 01:35:56,168
This is the basic way
to get to the bottom of a situation.

1485
01:35:56,293 --> 01:36:00,130
COMMUNISTS ARE
BOTH THE DRIVING FORCE

1486
01:36:00,255 --> 01:36:04,635
AND THE TARGET
OF THE REVOLUTION